Gutondagura Ibyuma Bikomeye hamwe na PCBN Cutter

Gutondagura ibyuma bikomeye hamwe na PCBN ikata

Mu myaka icumi ishize, gutondeka neza ibyuma bikomye hamwe na polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) byinjije buhoro buhoro gusya. Tyler Economan, umuyobozi ushinzwe amasoko muri Index, muri Amerika, yagize ati: "Muri rusange, gusya ibishishwa ni inzira ihamye itanga uburinganire buhanitse kuruta guswera. Ariko, abantu baracyashaka gushobora kurangiza urupapuro rwakazi. Birakenewe gutunganywa bitandukanye. "

Ibikoresho bitandukanye byakazi byakomanze birimo ibyuma byihuta, ibyuma bipfa, ibyuma hamwe nicyuma. Gusa ibyuma bya ferrous birashobora gukomera, kandi inzira yo gukomera ikoreshwa muburyo buke bwa karubone. Binyuze mu kuvura gukomera, ubukana bwo hanze bwakazi burashobora gukorwa hejuru kandi bukambara, mugihe imbere bifite ubukana bwiza. Ibice bikozwe mubyuma bikarishye birimo mandel, imitambiko, umuhuza, ibiziga byimodoka, amashusho, ibyuma, ibihuru, ibinyabiziga, ibinyabiziga, nibindi nkibyo.

Ariko, "ibikoresho bikomeye" ni isano, guhindura imyumvire. Abantu bamwe batekereza ko ibikoresho byakazi bifite 40-55 HRC nibikoresho bikomeye; abandi bemeza ko ubukana bwibikoresho bigomba kuba 58-60 HRC cyangwa irenga. Muri iki cyiciro, ibikoresho bya PCBN birashobora gukoreshwa.

Nyuma yo gukomera kwinjizwamo, urwego rukomeye rushobora kuba rugera kuri 1.5mm z'ubugari kandi ubukana bushobora kugera kuri 58-60 HRC, mugihe ibikoresho biri munsi yubuso byoroheje cyane. Muri iki kibazo, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko gukata byinshi bikorwa munsi yubuso bukomeye.

Ibikoresho byimashini bifite imbaraga zihagije nubukomezi nibintu nkenerwa byo gutobora ibice bikomeye. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Economan kibivuga, “Nibyiza gukomera kw'ibikoresho by'imashini hamwe n'imbaraga nyinshi, ni nako bigenda neza cyane. Kubikoresho byakazi hamwe nuburemere burenga 50 HRC, ibikoresho byinshi byimashini zoroheje ntibujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa. Niba ubushobozi bwimashini (imbaraga, torque, na cyane cyane gukomera) birenze, imashini ntishobora kurangira neza. "

Rigidity ningirakamaro cyane kubikorwa byo gufata igikoresho kuko ubuso bwo guhuza ibice byo gukata hamwe nakazi ni binini mugihe cyo gutobora, kandi igikoresho kigira igitutu kinini kumurimo. Iyo uhambiriye ibyuma bikozwe mubyuma, clamp yagutse irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ikwirakwize hejuru. Umuyobozi ushinzwe kwamamaza muri Sumitomo Electric Hard Alloy Co, Paul Ratzki, yagize ati: “Ibice bigomba gutunganywa bigomba gushyigikirwa byimazeyo. Iyo gutunganya ibikoresho bikomye, kunyeganyega hamwe nigitutu cyibikoresho byakozwe ni binini cyane kuruta iyo gutunganya ibihangano bisanzwe, bishobora kuvamo akazi. Ntushobora kuva mu mashini, cyangwa ngo utume icyuma cya CBN gikata cyangwa ngo kimeneke. "

Shanki ifata insina igomba kuba ngufi ishoboka kugirango igabanye hejuru kandi yongere ibikoresho. Matthew Schmitz, umuyobozi wibicuruzwa bya GRIP muri Isca, yerekana ko muri rusange, ibikoresho bya monolithic bikwiranye no gutobora ibikoresho bikomeye. Ariko, isosiyete itanga kandi sisitemu yo gusya. Agira ati: “Shank ya modular irashobora gukoreshwa mugihe cyo gutunganya aho igikoresho gikunda gutsindwa gitunguranye.” Ati: "Ntugomba gusimbuza shanki yose, ukeneye gusimbuza ibintu bihenze cyane. Modular shank nayo itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya. Sisitemu ya Grip modular sisitemu irashobora gushyirwaho mubicuruzwa bitandukanye. Urashobora gukoresha igikoresho gifata ibyuma 7 bitandukanye kumurongo 7 wibicuruzwa cyangwa umubare uwo ariwo wose wibyuma kugirango utunganyirize umurongo umwe wibicuruzwa bifite ubugari. "

Abakoresha ibikoresho bya Sumitomo Electric kugirango bafate ubwoko bwa CGA bakoresha uburyo bwo gufunga hejuru bikurura icyuma mubifata. Ufite kandi agaragaza uruhande rufunga uruhande rwo gufasha gutezimbere no kwagura ubuzima bwibikoresho. Umutunzi Maton, umufashaumuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe ibishushanyo mbonera by'isosiyete, yagize ati: "Iki gikoresho gifite ibikoresho cyagenewe gukonjesha ibihangano bikomereye. Niba icyuma kigenda mu gifata, icyuma cyambara igihe kandi ibikoresho bigahinduka. inganda (nk'ibikoresho 50-100 cyangwa 150 ku bice byose), guhanura ubuzima bw'ibikoresho ni ngombwa cyane, kandi impinduka mu buzima bw'ibikoresho zirashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro. "

Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, sisitemu ya GY ya Tri-Lock ya Mitsubishi ibikoresho bigereranywa no gukomera hamwe nuduce twinshi. Sisitemu ifata neza ibyuma bifata ibyuma biva mu byerekezo bitatu (peripheri, imbere na hejuru). Igishushanyo mbonera cyacyo cyibiri kibuza icyuma kwimurwa mugihe cyo gutobora: icyerekezo cya V kibuza icyuma kugenda kumpande; urufunguzo rwumutekano rukuraho urujya n'uruza rw'icyuma ruterwa n'imbaraga zo gutema mugihe cyo gutunganya.

Bikunze gukoreshwa gushiramo ibice byibyuma bikarishye birimo kwinjizamo kwaduka kworoshye, gukora insimburangingo, gushiramo, nibindi bisa. Mubisanzwe, ibiti byaciwe bisabwa kugira ubuso bwiza burangire kuko bifite igice cyo guhuza, kandi bimwe ni O-impeta cyangwa gufata impeta. Nk’uko byatangajwe na Mark Menconi, inzobere mu bicuruzwa mu bikoresho bya Mitsubishi, ati: "Izi nzira zishobora kugabanywa mu gutunganya imashini ya diameter y'imbere no gutunganya imashini ya diameter yo hanze, ariko ibikorwa byinshi byo gutema bisaba gukata neza, harimo no gukoraho urumuri kuva kuri 0,25 mm z'uburebure. Gukata kugeza gukata kwuzuye hamwe n'uburebure bwa 0.5mm. "

Gutobora ibyuma bikomye bisaba gukoresha ibikoresho bifite ubukana buhanitse, kwambara neza hamwe na geometrie ikwiye. Urufunguzo ni ukumenya niba karbide yinjizamo, ceramic insert cyangwa PCBN igomba gukoreshwa. Schmitz yagize ati: "Njyewe hafi buri gihe mpitamo gushyiramo karbide mugihe cyo gutunganya ibihangano bifite ubukana buri munsi ya 50 HRC. Kubikorwa byakazi hamwe nuburemere bwa 50-58 HRC, gushiramo ceramic ni amahitamo yubukungu. Gusa mugihe akazi ka CBN kongeramo kagomba gutekerezwa kubikomeye kugeza 58 HRC. Kwinjiza CBN birakwiriye cyane cyane gutunganya ibikoresho nkibi cyane kuko uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu ntabwo ari ugukata ahubwo ni igikoresho / akazi. Gushonga ibikoresho.

Kubitsindagira ibyuma bikomye hamwe nuburemere burenga 58 HRC, kugenzura chip ntabwo ari ikibazo. Kubera ko gukonjesha byumye bisanzwe bikoreshwa, ibyuma bisa nkumukungugu cyangwa uduce duto cyane kandi birashobora gukurwaho no gukubita intoki. Maton ya Sumitomo Electric yagize ati: "Mubisanzwe, ubu bwoko bwa swarf buzavunika kandi busenyuka iyo bikubise ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose, bityo rero guhura na swarf hamwe nakazi ntigukora ibyangiritse. Nufata akantu, bazagucika mu ntoki."

Imwe mumpamvu zituma CBN yinjiza ikwiranye no gukata byumye nuko nubwo ubushyuhe bwabyo ari bwiza cyane, imikorere yo gutunganya iragabanuka cyane mugihe ihindagurika ryubushyuhe. Economan agira ati: "Mubyukuri, iyo insimburangingo ya CBN ihuye nibikoresho byakazi, itanga ubushyuhe bwo gukata ku isonga, ariko kubera ko insimburangingo ya CBN idahuza n’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe, biragoye gukonjesha bihagije kugira ngo uhore uhoraho ubushyuhe. Leta. CBN irakomeye cyane, ariko nanone iravunika cyane kandi irashobora guturika kubera ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe. "

Mugihe ukata ibice byibyuma bifite ubukana buke (nka 45-50 HRC) hamwe na karbide ya sima, ceramic cyangwa PCBN winjizamo, ibyuma byakozwe bigomba kuba bigufi bishoboka. Ibi bikuraho neza ubushyuhe bwo gukata mubikoresho mugihe cyo gutema kuko chipi ishobora gutwara ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Schmitz wa Iskar arasaba kandi ko igikoresho cyatunganyirizwa muri "inverted". Yasobanuye agira ati: “Iyo ushyize igikoresho ku gikoresho cya mashini, igikoresho cya mashini yubaka ibikoresho gishyirwaho mugukata icyuma hejuru, kuko ibi bitumaKuzenguruka kumurimo kugirango ushire ingufu kumuhanda wa gari ya moshi kugirango imashini ikomeze. Ariko, mugihe icyuma cyaciwe mubikoresho byakazi, ibyuma byakozwe birashobora kuguma kumurongo hamwe nakazi. Niba igikoresho gifashwe hejuru kandi igikoresho gishyizwe hejuru, icyuma ntikizagaragara, kandi imiyoboro ya chip izahita ihunga aho ikata bitewe nigikorwa cya rukuruzi. "

Gukomera hejuru ni uburyo bworoshye bwo kunoza ubukana bwibyuma bya karubone. Ihame ni ukongera karubone mubwimbitse runaka munsi yibintu. Iyo ubujyakuzimu bwimbitse burenze ubunini bwubuso bukomeye, ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bishobora kuvuka bitewe nihinduka ryicyuma kiva mubintu bigoye bikagera kubintu byoroshye. Kugirango bigerweho, abakora ibikoresho bakoze ibyuma byinshi byubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho.

Duane Drape, umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha muri Horn (USA), yagize ati: "Iyo uhinduye ibintu bigoye ukajya mubintu byoroshye, uyikoresha ntabwo yifuza guhindura icyuma, bityo rero tugomba gushaka igikoresho cyiza cyubwoko nkubu. . Niba insimburangingo ya sima ikoreshejwe, izahura nikibazo cyo kwambara cyane mugihe icyuma gikata hejuru. Niba insimburangingo ya CBN ikwiriye gukata ibikoresho bikomeye cyane ikoreshwa mugukata igice cyoroshye, biroroshye kwangiza Turashobora gukoresha ubwumvikane: gushiramo cyane karbide yinjiza + super lubricated coatings, cyangwa ugereranije byoroshye CBN winjizamo amanota + gukata insimburangingo ikwiriye gukata ibikoresho bisanzwe (aho kuyikoresha cyane). "

Drape yagize ati: "Urashobora gukoresha insimburangingo ya CBN kugirango ugabanye neza ibikoresho byakazi hamwe nuburemere bwa 45-50 HRC, ariko geometrie igomba guhinduka. Ubusanzwe CBN yinjizamo ifite chamfer itari nziza kuruhande. Iyi chamfer mbi CBN yinjizamo yoroshye kumashini. Iyo ibikoresho byakazi byakoreshejwe, ibikoresho bizagira ingaruka zo gukuramo kandi ibikoresho byubuzima bizagabanuka. Niba urwego rwa CBN rufite ubukana bwo hasi rwakoreshejwe hamwe na geometrie yo gukata byahinduwe, ibikoresho byakazi hamwe nuburemere bwa 45-50 HRC birashobora gucibwa neza. "

S117 HORN ishiramo insimburangingo yatunganijwe nisosiyete ikoresha inama ya PCBN, kandi ubujyakuzimu bwaciwe ni mm 0.15-0.2 mm mugihe ubugari bwibikoresho byaciwe neza. Kugirango ugere ku buso bwiza burangije, icyuma gifite indege isakara kuri buri gice cyo gukata kumpande zombi.

Ubundi buryo ni uguhindura ibipimo. Dukurikije Index's Economan, “Nyuma yo guca mu gice gikomeye, hashobora gukoreshwa ibipimo binini byo gukata. Niba ubujyakuzimu bukomeye ari 0.13mm cyangwa 0,25mm gusa, nyuma yo guca muri ubujyakuzimu, haba hari ibyuma bitandukanye byasimbuwe cyangwa ugakomeza gukoresha icyuma kimwe, ariko wongere ibipimo byo gukata kurwego rukwiye. "

Kugirango utwikire ibintu byinshi byo gutunganya, amanota ya PCBN ariyongera. Impamyabumenyi yo hejuru iremerera kugabanya umuvuduko mwinshi, mugihe amanota hamwe nubukomezi bwiza arashobora gukoreshwa mubidukikije bidahungabana. Kubikomeza cyangwa guhagarika gukata, PCBN itandukanya amanota nayo irashobora gukoreshwa. Maton ya Electric ya Sumitomo yerekanye ko kubera ubukana bwibikoresho bya PCBN, impande zogukata zikunda gukonjeshwa mugihe zikoze ibyuma bikomeye. Ati: "Tugomba kurinda inkombe, cyane cyane mugukata guhagaritswe, gukata bigomba gutegurwa kuruta uko bikomeza, kandi impande zo gutema zigomba kuba nini."

Ibyiciro bya Iskar bishya byatsindiye IB10H na IB20H birusheho kwagura umurongo wibicuruzwa bya Groove Turn PCBN. IB10H nicyiciro cyiza cya PCBN kurwego rwo hagati rwihuta rwihuta gukata ibyuma bikomeye; mugihe IB20H igizwe nintete nziza kandi ziciriritse ingano ya PCBN, itanga imyambarire myiza no kurwanya ingaruka. Impirimbanyi irashobora kwihanganira imiterere ikaze yicyuma gihagaritse gukata. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kunanirwa bwibikoresho bya PCBN bigomba kuba ko gukata bishajeaho gutungurana guturika cyangwa guturika.

Icyiciro cya BNC30G cyatanzwe na PCBN cyatangijwe na Sumitomo Electric gikoreshwa muguhagarika gutobora ibikoresho bikomeye. Kugirango bikomeze, isosiyete irasaba BN250 icyiciro rusange. Maton yagize ati: “Iyo ukata ubudasiba, icyuma gicibwa igihe kirekire, kizatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo guca. Kubwibyo, birakenewe gukoresha icyuma kirwanya kwambara neza. Mugihe cyo gutobora rimwe na rimwe, icyuma gihora cyinjira kandi gisohoka gukata. Ifite ingaruka zikomeye kumutwe. Kubwibyo, birakenewe gukoresha icyuma gifite ubukana bwiza kandi gishobora kwihanganira ingaruka. Byongeye kandi, gutwikira icyuma bifasha no kongera ubuzima bw'igikoresho. "

Hatitawe ku bwoko bwa groove irimo gutunganywa, amahugurwa yabanje gushingira ku gusya kugirango arangize ibyuma bikomeye birashobora guhindurwa no gusya hamwe nibikoresho bya PCBN kugirango byongere umusaruro. Gukomera gukomeye birashobora kugera ku buringanire bugereranywa no gusya, mugihe bigabanya cyane igihe cyo gukora.