Itekhnoloji yokusika isinyithi kunye nesimo sophuhliso lwesixhobo

Itekhnoloji yokusika isinyithi kunye nesimo sophuhliso lwesixhobo

Ukusukela phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, ngenxa yempumelelo yeziqhamo zenzululwazi nobugcisa obufana ne-microelectronics, iteknoloji yolwazi, kunye nenzululwazi yezixhobo, kunye nokukhawuleziswa kwenkqubela phambili yobunjineli, kuye kwakhuthazwa uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lokwenziwa kobugcisa bokuvelisa nokuvelisa. Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, kuye kwafikelelwa imiphumo ephawulekayo. Inkqubela phambili ibe negalelo elibonakalayo kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwehlabathi kwaye inconywa njengenjini yoqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Ukushwankathela le mbali, ukuphonononga uphuhliso loluntu, uqoqosho kunye nempucuko, oorhulumente banokuqonda okutsha ngokubaluleka kwemveliso: nanamhlanje, xa amashishini aphezulu kunye namashishini asakhasayo ekhuthaze kakhulu uqoqosho, imveliso iseluqoqosho lwelizwe. Kwaye isiseko samandla abanzi. Ukuthathela ingqalelo kunye nokukhawulezisa uphuhliso loshishino lwemveliso kuye kwaba lilizwe elinamandla kwihlabathi, ingakumbi ilizwe elisaphuhlayo elifana neTshayina, elizise amathuba anqabileyo kunye nemingeni emitsha kuphuhliso lobugcisa bokuvelisa kunye nokuvelisa.

Ngeli xesha, iteknoloji yokusika isinyithi, eyona teknoloji esisiseko yokuvelisa iteknoloji, iye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ingene kwinqanaba elitsha lophuhliso elibonakaliswe kuphuhliso lwesantya esiphezulu, ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo ezintsha zokusika kunye neendlela zokucubungula. , kunye nokubonelelwa kobugcisa obupheleleyo bokucubungula. Oku kusekelwe kwinkqubela phambili ebanzi kunye nokuveliswa kweteknoloji yokuvelisa, kubandakanywa ukuqhubela phambili okubanzi kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, iinkqubo zokulawula, izixhobo zezixhobo, iteknoloji yokugubungela, isakhiwo sesixhobo kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Iziphumo ezibanzi eziveliswe yinkampani zikhuthaze yonke inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yokusika. Zisa inqanaba elipheleleyo kwinqanaba elitsha. Isici esiphambili kunye nezobugcisa zolu bude bubude besantya esiphezulu (Itheyibhile 1), ukuphawula inkqubo yokusika kwisigaba esitsha sokusika i-high-speed cutting.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu kuye kwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yetekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye nesimboli esibalulekileyo, ibe yitekhnoloji ephambili kwishishini lemveliso, ishishini leemoto, ishishini le-aerospace, ishishini lokubumba kunye namanye amacandelo amakhulu oshishino. Kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho, ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu kuye kwaba bubugcisa obutsha obusebenzisekayo. Uphuhliso olusebenzayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji entsha yokusika isantya esiphezulu kuye kwaba ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo kumashishini ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa, ukunciphisa amaxesha okukhokela kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana. Iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho. Ke ngoko, ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha bokusika obuphezulu obumelwe yitekhnoloji yokusika isantya esiphezulu kuye kwaba yimvumelwano kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa bokuvelisa kunye nokuvelisa kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

Ukusika iteknoloji kunye nesimo sophuhliso lwesixhobo

Okokuqala, yenze itekhnoloji entsha efana nokusika ngesantya esiphezulu, okuye kwaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu kunika inzuzo ekhethekileyo njengenkqubo entsha yokusika. Okokuqala, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu. Ukuthatha i-five-piece machining ye-injini yemoto njengomzekelo, kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo okanye kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuye kwaphuculwa malunga ne-1 ukuya kumaxesha ama-2, njenge-PCD face milling cutter yokucubungula iintloko ze-aluminium alloy cylinder. Isantya sokugaya sifikelele kwi-4021m / min kwaye izinga lokutya li-5670mm / min, eliphindwe kabini xa kuthelekiswa nomgca wokuvelisa owenziwe eChina ekuqaleni kwe-1990. Umzekelo, i-CBN face milling cutter yokugqiba iisilinda zentsimbi ezingwevu zinesantya sokusila esingama-2000m/ Min, amaxesha ali-10 angcono kunesigayi se-carbide esiqhelekileyo sobuso. Okwesibini, ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu nakoluncedo ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa, kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha okukhokela. Ukongeza, ngesiseko setekhnoloji yokusika isantya esiphezulu, ubuchwepheshe obutsha obufana nokusika okomileyo (i-quasi-dry cutting, i-micro-lubricating cutting), ukusika kanzima (ngokugaya imoto, ukugaya kunye nokugaya) kuye kwaphuhliswa, okungekho kuphucula kuphela. ukusetyenzwa kakuhle kodwa ukwatshintsha isithethe. Imida yemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokusika, kunye nokudalwa kwexesha elitsha lokusika imveliso "ukuveliswa kohlaza." Itekhnoloji yokusika kanzima iye yaba yinkqubo entsha esebenzayo kakhulu yokwenziwa komngxuma wangaphakathi wegiya yemoto kunye nokulungiswa komngundo oqinileyo. Umzobo 1 ubonisa ukubumba ukusetyenzwa kwe-65HRC.

Kwangaxeshanye, iinkqubo zobuchule obuphezulu bomatshini okanye iinkqubo zokuvelisa izinto eziphezulu (HPM, HSM) ezinamazinga aphezulu okutya ziye zavela ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa, ezibonisa amandla amakhulu ophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bokusika isantya esiphezulu.

Okwesibini, ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ezisekelwe kwizinto ezifakwe kwi-carbide kuye kwaphuculwa ngokubanzi.

Ukusebenza kwe-carbide ene-cemented kuphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye indawo yesicelo iyandiswa, ibe yinto ephambili yesixhobo sokusika, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukuphuculwa kobuchule bokusika. Eyokuqala kukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezixutywe kakuhle, i-ultra-fine-grained hard alloy materials, eziphucula kakhulu amandla kunye nokuqina kwe-cemented carbide materials. I-alloy enzima iyonke yezixhobo ezenziwe kuyo, ngakumbi injongo-jikelele enkulu kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi. Izixhobo ezinje ngee-mill end kunye neetephu zisetyenziselwa ukubuyisela izixhobo zentsimbi zesantya esiphezulu, ezongeza isantya sokusika kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komatshini ngamaxesha amaninzi. Isixhobo sendalo yonke esinobungakanani obukhulu bobuso singeniswa kuluhlu lwesantya esiphezulu, kwaye inkqubo yokusika ifakwe ngokupheleleyo. Isiqingatha senqanaba lokusika ngesantya esiphezulu sibekwe. Okwangoku, isixhobo esipheleleyo se-carbide siye saba yimveliso yesiqhelo yeenkampani zasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle, kwaye ziya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengoko inqanaba lokucubungula lonke liphuculwa. Okwangoku, yasekhaya Hunan Diamond Carbide Tools Co., Ltd., Shanghai Tool Factory Co., Ltd., Siping Xinggong Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. kunye namanye amashishini nako ukuvelisa aqinileyo carbide end Mills, iitephu, drills kunye nezinye iimveliso, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2, Hunan. Isixhobo esiqinileyo se-carbide esiveliswe yi-Diamond Carbide.Akukuphela nje, kodwa ii-carbides eziqinileyo nazo zisetyenziswa kwezinye izixhobo zokwenza izinto ezinzima. Okwesibini, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezintsha ezifana ne-cemented carbide pressure sintering ziye zaphucula umgangatho wangaphakathi we-cemented carbide; kunye nokuphuhliswa kwamabakala akhethekileyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucubungula, kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kwe-carbide ene-cemented. Kwimeko yesiseko sesiseko somgangatho wokufaka i-carbide yekhemikhali, i-carbide ene-cemented graded kunye nokuchasana kakuhle ne-deformation yeplastiki kunye nomgangatho onzima waphuhliswa, ophucula ukusebenza kokusika kunye noluhlu lwesicelo sokufaka i-carbide ene-cemented.

Iindidi zezixhobo ze-ceramic kunye nezixhobo ze-cermet ziye zanda, amandla kunye nokuqina kuye kwaphuculwa, intsimi yesicelo kunye noluhlu lokucubungula luye lwandiswa, kwaye i-alloy enzima iye yatshintshwa ekugqityweni nasekugqityweni kwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi, ethe yatshintshwa. iye yaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Okwangoku, izixhobo ezinjalo zesixhobo zingasetyenziselwa kuphela kwi-single-piece, i-batch-batch production, kodwa kunye nokuveliswa kobuninzi bemigca yendibano, kwaye ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi, zingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo esikhethiweyo sokusika okomileyo kunye nobunzima. ukusika.

Ukuqina kwe-PCD kunye ne-CBN izixhobo ze-superhard tool kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokuvelisa kwenze ukuba indawo yesicelo yandise. Izixhobo ezidikayo ze-Cylinder ezenziwe nge-CBN zisetyenziswe kwimveliso ezenzekelayoimigca kunye nokucutshungulwa kwentsimbi kunye ne-hardware yokucima, kwaye yandisiwe ukusuka kwintsimi yokugqiba ukuya kwi-semi-finishing field, eye yaphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kokusika. I-aluminium alloy yinto ebalulekileyo kwishishini le-aerospace kunye noshishino lweemoto. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-aluminium alloy yiteknoloji ephambili kula macandelo amabini oshishino. Okwangoku, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okubanzi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza eziphezulu ezenziwe nge-PCD, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika kuphuculwe kakhulu, kuphezulu. Isantya sokusika sifikelele kwi-7000m / min. Iimveliso ziye zandiswa ukusuka kwizixhobo zokuqala zokuguqula kunye nabasiki be-face milling ukuya kwii-mill zokuphelisa, ii-drill bits, i-reamers, izixhobo zokwenza, njl. I-PCD sesona sixhobo sisebenzayo kuphela sokulungisa imathiriyeli engeyiyo eyentsimbi njengegraphite kunye nemathiriyeli yokwenziwa. Kunokubonwa kwangaphambili ukuba ngokukhuthazwa kwezixhobo ze-CBN kunye ne-PCD, iintlobo zezixhobo ziya kwanda ngakumbi, kwaye intsimi yesicelo iya kwandiswa ngakumbi, ekhokelela ekuphuhliseni ukucutshungulwa kokucutshungulwa ngokubhekiselele kwi-high-speed and high-efficiency machining.

Ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo zetsimbi eziphezulu zisakhankanywa ekuphuhliseni izixhobo zesixhobo. Nangona ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo zetsimbi ezikhawulezayo kunye nezixhobo ze-carbide ze-cemented ziyancipha malunga ne-5% ngonyaka, i-cobalt ephezulu ye-high-speed steel kunye Ukusetyenziswa kwe-powder metallurgy high speed steel iyanda. Ezi zintsimbi zimbini zisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu zinembali ende, ziyakwazi ukumelana nokunxiba ngcono, ubulukhuni obubomvu kunye nokuthembeka kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo enesantya esiphezulu, ngakumbi ukusebenza kwesinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu, kodwa ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu, elisetyenzisiweyo. ukuba isetyenziswe kwishishini le-aerospace ukucubungula izinto ezinzima. Ngokusukela ukusika ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokutshintsha ingqikelelo, ezi zixhobo zentsimbi ezisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu ziqala ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimigca ezenzekelayo, efana ne-drill, ii-mill end, iitephu kunye nezinye izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye nabasiki begiya, iibroaches kunye nezinye. izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo. Kufunyenwe isantya sokusika esiphuculweyo kunye nomgangatho womatshini, ukusetyenziswa okuthembekileyo kunye nobomi besixhobo esongezelelweyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izixhobo ezikhankanywe ngasentla ezenziwe ngentsimbi ye-high-speed-speed ziye zandiswa kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukucubungula ngokubanzi, kwaye zibe yimveliso eqhelekileyo yezixhobo zetsimbi zangaphandle.

Isishwankathelo, ekuphuhlisweni kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo, i-carbide ene-cemented idlala indima ephambili, kodwa ukusebenza kwezinye izixhobo zesixhobo kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu, ukwandisa iindawo zabo zesicelo, ukwenza izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo. Kukho iingenelo ezizodwa kunye nobubanzi bokusebenzisa obuthatha indawo enye ukuhambelana nepateni iyonke. Kunokuthiwa uphuhliso olubanzi kunye nolukhawulezayo lwezixhobo zesixhobo luye lwabeka isiseko sokusika isinyithi sanamhlanje, esinesantya esiphezulu.

Okwesithathu, iingubo ziyitekhnoloji ephambili yokuphucula ukusebenza kwesixhobo.

Itekhnoloji yokugquma yesixhobo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izixhobo zanamhlanje zokusika kunye nokusika. Iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukususela ekusekweni kwayo, ngakumbi kwiminyaka yakutshanje. I-Chemical coating (CVD) iseyeyona nkqubo iphambili yokwambathisa yokufakwa kwe indexable. Iinkqubo ezintsha ezifana ne-CVD yobushushu obuphakathi, ifilimu eshinyeneyo ye-aluminium oxide, kunye nomaleko wenguqu ziye zaphuhliswa. Ngokusekelwe ekuphuculweni kwezinto ezisisiseko, i-coating ye-CVD ixhathisa. Zombini ukunxiba kunye nokuqina kuphuculwe; Iingubo zedayimani ze-CVD nazo zenze inkqubela phambili, ziphucula ukugqitywa komphezulu wokugquma kunye nokungena kwinqanaba elisebenzayo. Okwangoku, umlinganiselo wokugquma we-carbide indexable inserts ufikelele ngaphezu kwama-70%. Ngeli xesha, ukuqhubela phambili kweengubo zomzimba (PVD) kuye kwaphawuleka ngokukodwa, kwaye inkqubela phambili ephawulekayo yenziwe kwisakhiwo sesithando somlilo, inkqubo, kunye nokulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye kungekhona nje ukuchasana nokushisa okufanelekileyo ukusika ngokukhawuleza, ukusika okomileyo, kunye nobunzima. ukusika kuphuhlisiwe. Iingubo ezingcono, ezifanaI-Super TiAlN, kunye ne-TiAlCN ngokubanzi-injongo yokugubungela ngokusebenza okungcono kunye ne-DLC, i-W / C yokuchasana nokuxhatshazwa kwe-friction, kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zokugubungela, ukuphuhliswa kwe-nano- kunye ne-multi-layer structures, Ukuphucula ukuqina kokuqina kunye nokuqina. Itheyibhile 2 ibonisa iingubo zamva nje ezivela kwinkampani yaseSwitzerland iPLATIT.

Uphuhliso olutsha lweteknoloji yokugquma i-PVD lusibonisa amandla amakhulu kunye neenzuzo ezizodwa zeteknoloji yokugquma yokuphucula ukusebenza kwesixhobo: iingubo ezitsha zinokuphuhliswa ngokulawulwa kweeparitha zenkqubo yokugubungela kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwethagethi kunye neegesi zokuphendula. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenzwa kweyantlukwano, yitekhnoloji ekhawulezayo nelungileyo yokuphucula nokuphucula ukusebenza kwesixhobo, kwaye inethemba elibanzi kakhulu lesicelo.

Okwesine, ukusungulwa kwesakhiwo sesixhobo sitshintshile ubuso kunye nomsebenzi omnye wezixhobo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo.

Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lemveliso, amashishini aphambili afana neshishini leemoto, ishishini le-aerospace kunye neshishini lokungunda libeke phambili iimfuno eziphakamileyo zokucutshungulwa kokucutshungulwa, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwezixhobo eziphawulweyo. Iseti ekhethekileyo yezixhobo eziphuhliswe kumgca wokudityaniswa kweshishini leemoto ziye zaphula ngokwesiko lokubonelela ngezixhobo ngokwemfuno kunye "nokwenza ucango oluvaliweyo", kwaye ibe yinto ebalulekileyo yetekhnoloji yobuchule bokucwangcisa, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokonga utyalo-mali, kwaye ukudlala indima entsha. Umzobo wesi-3 sisisikhi sokusila esinesantya esiphezulu senkqubo entsha ye-WIDIA yokwenziwa kwe-crankshaft machining.

Ishishini lokubumba libonakaliswe ngobuchule obuphezulu, iqhekeza elilodwa, imveliso yebhetshi encinci, ubunzima obuphezulu bezinto zokubumba, ukusetyenzwa okunzima, ukumila okunzima, ukukhutshwa kwesinyithi esikhulu, ixesha elifutshane lokuhambisa, kwaye ube ngumqhubi onamandla wokuqhuba into entsha yesixhobo esicacileyo. isakhiwo, ezifana Functional face cutters lokusila, ezahlukeneyo zokusila ibhola ekupheleni, iinkqubo zemodyuli ekupheleni yokusila, ikruqula ekruqulayo kunye neyokusila, abasiki enkulu ifidi milling, njl. indawo yokuzalwa entsha yokusika isantya esiphezulu, ukusika kanzima kunye neenkqubo zokusika ezomileyo.

Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeshishini le-aerospace ukuze kuqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo amacandelo amakhulu e-aluminium alloy, i-high-speed aluminiyam i-alloy face cutter kunye nezinye izixhobo ziye zaphuhliswa. Umzobo we-4 yi-high-speed face milling cutter esuka eSandvik, enesantya esiphezulu se-24000r / min kunye nesantya sokusika. Yi-6000m/min.

Kwangaxeshanye, kuye kwavela izakhiwo ezitsha zokufakwa kwe indexable, ezifana neeblade zeblister ezisebenza ngamandla ukuze zijike, i-complex-size-sized milling cutter blades enekona zangaphambili, ii-ball-end end blades, kunye ne-high-speed-anti-smashing blades. Iiblades zokusika zokugawula njalo njalo.

Ngokuphuculwa komsebenzi we-five-axis linkage CNC isixhobo sokugaya isixhobo kunye nokuthandwa kwesicelo sayo, iiparamitha zejometri zezixhobo eziqhelekileyo zendalo yonke ezifana ne-mills ekupheleni kunye ne-drill bits zihluke kakhulu, ezitshintsha ipateni endala yezixhobo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo. kwaye inokuziqhelanisa nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neemeko zokuPhatha, ukusika ukusebenza kwandiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ezinye izakhiwo ezintsha zivelisa iziphumo ezintsha zokusika, ezifana ne-helix angle end mills engalinganiyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nemigangatho yokuphela kwelitye, ii-engile ze-engile ezingalinganiyo zinokunqanda ngokufanelekileyo ukungcangcazela kwesixhobo, ziphucule ukugqiba komatshini, kunye nokwandisa izixhobo. Ukusika ubunzulu kunye nezinga lokutya. Ngokomzekelo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-carbide drill zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-drill tip kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-groove, i-Figure 5 yi-drill bits ehlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokugaya iifom zokugaya eziveliswe yi-Shanghai Tool Works Co., Ltd. ukulungelelanisa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukuphuhliswa kweetephu ze-carbide kunye ne-carbide thread milling cutters kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwentambo ukuya kwinqanaba lokusika i-high-speed cut. Ngokukodwa, i-carbide thread millingabasiki abanakho ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, kodwa banokuguquguquka okuhle, okunokugcina iindleko zesixhobo.

Okwesihlanu, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lokuxhasa itekhnoloji.

Itekhnoloji yokusika iphuhliswa ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yokusika. Yinxalenye eyimfuneko yetekhnoloji yokusika yanamhlanje kwaye igcina uphuhliso olukhawulezayo kunye netekhnoloji yokusika kunye nezixhobo, kubandakanya phakathi komphathi wesixhobo kunye nesixhobo sokuphotha somatshini. Indlela yokudibanisa, ukubethelwa kwesixhobo kumphathi wesixhobo, ibhalansi yenkqubo yesixhobo kunye nolawulo lwesixhobo.

I-hollow taper shank (i-HSK) yomatshini wesixhobo sesixhobo esinamacala amabini aneenzuzo zokungagungqi koqhagamshelo olulungileyo, ukuchaneka kwendawo ephezulu, ukulayisha okufutshane kunye nexesha lokukhulula, njl njl. ). Ulwakhiwo lwalo mphathi wesixhobo lube ngumgangatho osemthethweni wamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye yamkelwe ngabakhiqizi abaninzi bezixhobo zoomatshini. Iye yazisa amaziko omatshini anesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-HSK spindle interfaces kunye neenkqubo zesixhobo okanye izixhobo ezidibeneyo kunye nabanini bezixhobo ze-HSK. Ubomi obunamandla kunye nethemba lokusetyenziswa kakuhle kolu hlobo olutsha lomphathi wesixhobo. Ngaxeshanye, ezinye iinkampani ziye zaphuhlisa izakhiwo ze-shank ezifana ne-HSK, ezifana ne-Sandvik's Capto shank kunye ne-Kennametal's KM shank. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwakho i-7: 24 ujongano lonxibelelwano olunamacala amabini okanye abafowunelwa abathathu ukulungiselela iimfuno zoomatshini abakhoyo bomatshini ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezijikelezayo ngesantya esiphezulu nako kubeka iimfuno ezintsha ekubambeni isixhobo. Ifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwe-clamping, i-radial runout

Ukongezelela, kukho ibhalansi kunye nemfuneko yokhuseleko kwizixhobo ezijikelezayo ezijikelezayo. Ngenxa ye-asymmetry yesakhiwo okanye i-eccentricity ebangelwa yimpazamo yokuvelisa kunye nendibano, kukho ukungalingani phakathi kweziko lokujikeleza kunye nokujikeleza kwesantya esiphezulu. Amandla eradial periodic asebenza kwinkqubo yokuthwala i-spindle nakwamanye amacandelo omatshini, echaphazela umgangatho womatshini, ubomi besixhobo kunye nokusebenza komatshini. Kule njongo, ukungalingani okuvumelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-high-speed ye-high-speed rotary izixhobo kucacisiwe; abavelisi bezixhobo baye baphuhlisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa ukulungelelaniswa, okanye izixhobo ezijikelezayo kunye neenkqubo zesixhobo sokusika ngesantya esiphezulu ngaphambi kokulayisha kwi-spindle. Ibhalansi kumatshini wokulinganisa oguqukayo ukukhawulela ukungalingani kuluhlu oluthile. Ukuze kuncitshiswe inani lokungalingani (eccentricity) eyenziwe emva kokuba isixhobo silayishwe kwi-spindle, iteknoloji entsha yokulinganisa i-intanethi ibhalansisa i-spindle, i-shank kunye nesixhobo njengenkqubo ye-rotor ekusebenzeni.isantya.

Kwi-high-speed cutting, isantya sesixhobo siphezulu kune-10,000 ~ 20000r / min okanye nangaphezulu. Ngeli xesha, iindawo ezibambezelayo zomzimba we-blade, i-blade kunye ne-blade ziphantsi kwamandla amakhulu e-centrifugal. Xa isantya sokujikeleza sifikelela kwixabiso elithile elibalulekileyo, lanele. Iblade iyatsalwa, okanye isikrufu sokubambelela saphukile, okanye umzimba wonke wophukile. Xa kwenzeka le miqathango, izixhobo okanye ukulimala komntu kunokubangela iingozi, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukukhusela iteknoloji yokusika isantya esiphezulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iJamani iye yaqulunqa inkcazo yokhuseleko kwizixhobo ezijikelezayo ezijikelezayo, ezinemigaqo engqongqo yoyilo, uvavanyo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulinganisa umgangatho wesixhobo. Le nkcazo ibe ngumgangatho waseYurophu kunye nomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngokutsho kwedatha, iindleko ezithe ngqo zesixhobo zenza kuphela i-2% ~ 4% yeendleko zokuvelisa, ngelixa iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo kunye nokulawula zingaphezu kwe-12%. Ulawulo lwesixhobo sezenzululwazi lunokonga iindleko ezinkulu zesixhobo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokwenziwa. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yolawulo lwesixhobo kunye nesoftware ehambelanayo kunye nehardware iye yaba ngububanzi beshishini labavelisi bezixhobo, ukubonelela abasebenzisi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeenkonzo zolawulo lwesixhobo, ukusuka kulawulo lwezixhobo ezilula ukuya kwikontraka yokupakishwa kwawo onke amashishini ezixhobo, kubandakanya ukuthengwa kwezixhobo, ukuchongwa. , ukugcinwa, inkonzo ye-site, isixhobo sokugaya kwakhona, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo, ukuphuhliswa kweprojekthi, njl. Iinkampani zabasebenzisi zingasebenzisa le nkonzo ekhethekileyo yentlalontle, igcine inqanaba eliphezulu lokusika, kwaye igxininise ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji engundoqo, kwaye ukuzuza isivuno esiphindwe kabini soqoqosho kunye nobuchwepheshe.

Okwesithandathu, imodeli entsha yoshishino yoshishino lwezixhobo.

Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokusika, ishishini lesixhobo lifumana utshintsho kwiindlela zokusebenza. Ujongene nemodeli entsha yemveliso kunye nezixhobo ezintsha zokusebenza, "izixhobo" azisezo mveliso zilula. Emva kokuba zithengisiwe, ziyinkqubo ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuphucula inkqubo okanye iteknoloji yokucubungula umgca. Abavelisi bezixhobo kufuneka babe nako Ukubonelela abasebenzisi ngeteknoloji epheleleyo yokucwangcisa ukunceda abasebenzisi bafezekise injongo yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa uye waba ngumkhombandlela kunye nenjongo yoshishino yophuhliso loshishino lwabavelisi bangaphandle. Okwangoku, abavelisi bezixhobo baye bazisa imboni yezixhobo kwinqanaba eliphezulu lophuhliso ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeenkonzo zoshishino ezifana "nokusebenzela abasebenzisi" kunye "nokubonelela ngezisombululo". Iinyani zibonakalise ukuba olu qheliselo lwabavelisi bezixhobo zangaphandle luluncedo kuphuhliso lweshishini lemveliso, luzisa izibonelelo ezingakumbi kubasebenzisi kunye nokwamkelwa ngabasebenzisi.

Faka itekhnoloji yokusika ephezulu ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lweshishini lokuvelisa laseTshayina

INkongolo yeSizwe ye-16 yeQela lamaKomanisi laseChina yabeka phambili umsebenzi wokwakha uluntu olunenkqubela phambili ngendlela ejikelezayo kunye nokuqonda ushishino olutsha. Yavuthela isigodlo sokumatsha kweTshayina ukusuka kumandla okuvelisa ukuya kumandla okuvelisa. Njengobuchwephesha obusisiseko bobugcisa bokuvelisa, isixhobo sokusika sisixhobo esisisiseko senkqubo. Ikwindawo yokuqala kulo mngcelele wembali. Ubuchwephesha bokusika obuphezulu kunye nezixhobo zokusika luphuhliso lwaseTshayina kwishishini leemoto, ishishini le-aerospace, ishishini lamandla kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo. Izinto ezifunekayo kushishino lokungunda. Xa sijongene neli thuba likhulu, kufuneka sisebenzise ngokupheleleyo ubugcisa bokusika obuphambili kunye nezixhobo zokusika ukukhonza imboni yokuvelisa yaseChina.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ishishini lezixhobo laseTshayina liyakhawulezisa ukudityaniswa kwalo neshishini lehlabathi lezixhobo, lizisa izixhobo zenkqubo ephucukileyo nobuchwepheshe ngoguqulo lobuchwepheshe, nokuphuhlisa nokuvelisa iimveliso zezixhobo zodidi lokuqala. Ishishini lezixhobo zaseTshayinaezimbini ezihamba phambili-iQela le-Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide kunye ne-Shanghai Tool Factory Co., Ltd. iye yakhokela ekwenzeni inguqu yezobuchwepheshe kunye nesiqalo esiphezulu kunye notyalo-mali olukhulu, olwenze iteknoloji yokuvelisa i-indexable inserts kunye nezixhobo eziqinileyo ze-carbide e-China zivale. Inqanaba eliphezulu lehlabathi. Kwangaxeshanye, iinkampani zezixhobo zangaphandle zijongene nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lemveliso yaseTshayina kunye nethemba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo, ukukhawulezisa isantya semveliso yasekhaya okanye inkonzo eTshayina, ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zokuvelisa, ukuphucula izakhono zenkonzo, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhokela. amaxesha. Kuthiwa ukungena kweenkampani zezixhobo zangaphandle kwimarike yaseTshayina kubonelela ngeemeko ezilunge kakhulu ukuba sisebenzise izixhobo eziphucukileyo zokuguqula ukwenziwa kwemveli. Kufuneka silixhakamfule eli thuba lihle kwaye samkele ngenkuthalo izixhobo zokusika ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuhlangabezana nemingeni yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kwezoqoqosho ukuze kuphuculwe itekhnoloji yokulungisa kunye namandla okhuphiswano lwamashishini.

Xa amashishini ekhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokusika ephezulu, imeko yeshishini ngalinye yahlukile, kwaye iindlela ezithile zokwenziwa zahlukile, kodwa ezi ngongoma zilandelayo zinokusetyenziswa njengengcinga eqhelekileyo:

Izixhobo ezenziwe ngezixhobo eziphezulu zokusebenza, kubandakanywa izixhobo eziqinileyo ze-carbide, izixhobo ze-silicon nitride ceramic, izixhobo ze-CBN kunye ne-PCD, izixhobo zensimbi eziphezulu ze-speed-speed, njl., uhlobo olulodwa lwesingeniso kwimeko ethile yokuvelisa, inyathelo ngesinyathelo. Ukutyhala, kuya kufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo; okwangoku abavelisi bezixhobo zasekhaya banokubonelela ngokuyinxenye kwezi mveliso zesixhobo.

Sebenzisa kakhulu izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo. Umlinganiselo weemela ezigqunywe eChina uphantsi kakhulu, kwaye kukho indawo enkulu yokunyuselwa. Umgangatho ofanelekileyo wokugquma kufuneka ukhethwe ngokwemiqathango yokucubungula kwaye kufuneka ufezekise iziphumo ezifunwayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zesalathisi kusetyenziswa ngamandla. Izixhobo ze-Indexable ziye zakhuthazwa e-China iminyaka emininzi, kodwa inkqubela ayizange ikhawuleze ngokwaneleyo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

Uphuhliso alulingani. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha, iteknoloji yezixhobo ze-indexable yenze inkqubela phambili entsha, iindidi ziye zanda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ziye zaphuhliswa kwindlela esebenzayo kunye nesebenzayo. Kuphuhliswe iincakuba zokusika ezigobileyo ezijikajikayo ezineencakuba zosula kunye nenjongo ngokubanzi. Iimveliso ezinamacangci alungileyo etyhula kunye ne-octagonal blades zinamandla amakhulu okusetyenziswa. Ukukhuthaza ngenkuthalo izixhobo ezibonisa isalathiso kufuneka kube yiprojekthi ebalulekileyo yenguqu yetekhnoloji yamashishini. Isazobe sesi-7 sisisikhi sokusila esigotyiweyo esiphuhliswe nguHunan Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd.

Kwimizila emikhulu yokuvelisa, kufuneka sifunde kumava angaphandle, siphuhlise iinkqubo ezintsha kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, okanye ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokuxilisa izixhobo ezidibeneyo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa utyalo-mali. Umsebenzi onjalo kufuneka udityaniswe nabakhi bezixhobo zoomatshini kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo zokufezekisa iziphumo. Lo ngumkhuba oqolileyo kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoshishino.

Kwiinkampani ezinemowudi yokuvelisa ibhetshi eneqhekeza elinye, izixhobo ezitsha ezisebenzayo ezinje ngobhobhozo lwangaphakathi lokupholisa kunye neerakhi zokuphela kobuso kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Okwesibini, i-multi-function cutters ye-universal ingasetyenziswa, enokunciphisa ixesha lokutshintsha isixhobo. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuphula imida yenkqubo yemveli yokugaya, ukugaya, ukugaya, njl., kunye nokufezekisa iziphumo ezintsha zokucubungula ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokugaya, ukugaya, ukugaya, ukugaya, ukugaya kunye nokugaya. Ukongeza, ukomeleza ulawulo lwezixhobo, ukunciphisa uluhlu kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zezixhobo.

Xa besamkela izixhobo zokusika eziphambili kunye nobuchwephesha obutsha, amashishini kufuneka athembele kumandla obugcisa bezixhobo ezivelisi kunye nabasasazi ukuba balandele indlela yentlalontle. Kwimeko yangoku yezinto ezintsha zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza kunye namabakala okwambathisa, kukho amawakakweentlobo zezixhobo. Kuphela ngoncedo lwabaqeqeshi babo unokukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo kwaye ufezekise injongo oyifunayo. Le ikwayimveliso yangoku yezixhobo zangaphandle. Ifilosofi yoshishino "yokubonelela ngenkqubo" kunye "nokubonelela ngezisombululo" ngokukhuthazwa yinkampani. Okwesibini, kuyimfuneko ukwaphula ingcamango engachanekanga yeendleko zesixhobo--ucinga ukuba isixhobo esilungileyo sibiza kakhulu ukuba singasetyenziswa. Ngulo mbono oye wachaphazela ixesha elide inkqubela phambili yokusika iteknoloji e-China kunye nophuhliso loshishino lwezixhobo zelizwe. Isixhobo "sibiza" kwaye kuphela i-akhawunti ye-2% ~ 4% yeendleko zokuvelisa (ngaphantsi kwe-2% kumashishini amaninzi e-China). Kuphela ngokusebenzisa imela "ebizayo", ukusebenza kakuhle kunokuncitshiswa kakhulu ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zesiqwenga esisodwa. Iinzuzo zeshishini ekugqibeleni ziya kufumana isiphumo sotyalo-mali oluncinci kunye nemveliso eninzi. Ngokusebenzisa imizekelo ethile yokucubungula, kunobungqina bokuba ixabiso lesixhobo alikho ngaphezu kwemveliso nganye.

Okokugqibela, ndiyathemba ukuba ngeenzame zomntu wonke, itekhnoloji yokusika yale yunithi iya kuhlanganiswa ukufaka igalelo kuphuculo lokuvelisa nokuvelisa eTshayina.