Uphuhliso kunye neTeknoloji yoBugcisa kwizinto zoFakelo lweCeramic
Uphuhliso kunye nezobugcisa bezinto eziphathekayo ze-ceramic blade
Kwi-machining, isixhobo sihlala sibizwa ngokuba "amazinyo enziwe ngamashishini", kwaye ukusebenza kokusika kwesixhobo sesixhobo sesinye sezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, iindleko zemveliso kunye nomgangatho wokuqhuba. Ngoko ke, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo zokusika izixhobo lubalulekile, iimela ze-ceramic, kunye nokumelana nobushushu obugqwesileyo, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali, kubonisa iingenelo ezinokuthi izixhobo zemveli zingakwazi ukuhambelana kwintsimi yesantya esiphezulu kunye nokusika kunzima -izinto zoomatshini, kunye nezona zinto zibalulekileyo zeemela ze-ceramic yi-Al kunye ne-Si. Izinto ezityebileyo ezisemhlabeni kunokuthiwa azipheli kwaye azipheli. Ngoko ke, ithemba lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezintsha ze-ceramic libanzi kakhulu.
Okokuqala, uhlobo lwezixhobo ze-ceramic
Inkqubela phambili yezixhobo ze-ceramic izixhobo ze-ceramic zijolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwezixhobo ze-ceramic zemveli, ukucocwa kweenkozo, ukudibanisa icandelo, ukugquma, ukuphucula inkqubo ye-sintering kunye nokuphuhlisa iimveliso ezintsha, ukwenzela ukufumana ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nokuchasana. Ukusebenza kwe-chipping okugqwesileyo kwaye kunokwanelisa iimfuno zokuchaneka kwesantya esiphezulu. I-Henan Institute of Superhard Materials inokwahlula ngokuthe ngqo izixhobo ze-ceramic kwiindidi ezintathu: i-alumina, i-silicon nitride kunye ne-boron nitride (izixhobo ze-boron nitride ze-cubic). Kwintsimi yokusika isinyithi, ii-alumina ze-ceramic blades kunye ne-silicon nitride ii-ceramic blades zibizwa ngokudibeneyo njengama-ceramic blades; kwizinto ezingenayo i-inorganic non-metal, izinto ze-cubic boron nitride ziyingxenye enkulu yezinto ze-ceramic. Ezi zilandelayo ziimpawu zeentlobo ezintathu zeeramics.
(1) I-Alumina (i-Al2O3)-esekelwe kwi-ceramic: i-Ni, i-Co, i-W, okanye ifana nayo yongezwa njengentsimbi ye-binder kwi-ceramic esekelwe kwi-carbide, kwaye amandla okudibanisa phakathi kwe-alumina kunye ne-carbide inokuphuculwa. Inokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle kunye nokuxhathisa ubushushu, kwaye ubushushu bayo obuphezulu bekhemikhali ukuzinza akukho lula kwi-interdif okanye ukusabela kweekhemikhali ngentsimbi. Ngoko ke, i-alumina-based cutters ye-ceramic inoluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwesicelo, olufanelekileyo kwintsimbi kunye nentsimbi. High-speed machining ingxubevange yayo; ngenxa yokuphuculwa kokuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal, ingasetyenziselwa ukugaya okanye ukucwangcisa phantsi kweemeko zokusika eziphazamisekileyo, kodwa ayifanelekanga ukusetyenzwa kwe-aluminium alloys, i-titanium alloys kunye ne-niobium alloys, ngaphandle koko ijwayele ukunxiba imichiza.
(2) I-Silicon nitride (i-Si3N4)-esekelwe kwi-ceramic cutter: Yi-ceramic eyenziwe ngokongeza inani elifanelekileyo le-carbide yensimbi kunye ne-agent yokuqinisa isinyithi kwi-silicon nitride matrix, kunye nokusebenzisa i-composite yokuqinisa impembelelo (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-dispersion). ukuqinisa umphumo). Ibonakala ngobunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, ukumelana nobushushu obulungileyo kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, kwaye ukusabela kweekhemikhali phakathi kwe-silicon nitride kunye nekhabhoni kunye nezinto zetsimbi zincinci, kwaye i-friction factor nayo iphantsi. Ifanelekile ukugqiba, ukugqiba, ukugqiba okanye ukugqiba.
(3) I-Boron nitride ceramic (i-cubic boron nitride cutter): ubunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba, ukumelana nobushushu obuhle, ukuzinza okuhle kwe-thermal, ukuhanjiswa kakuhle kwe-thermal, i-coefficient ephantsi ye-friction, kunye ne-coefficient encinci yokwandiswa komgca. Ngokomzekelo, i-Hualing cubic boron nitride isixhobo i-BN-S20 isetyenziselwa ukuqina kwentsimbi, ibakala le-BN-H10 lisetyenziselwa ukugqiba isinyithi esiqinileyo, ibakala le-BN-K1 licutshungulwa ngobulukhuni obuphezulu bentsimbi, i-BN-S30 ibakala lokusika isantya esiphezulu. uthuthu Intsimbi yentsimbi inoqoqosho ngakumbi kunokufakwa kwe-ceramic.
Okwesibini, iimpawu zezixhobo ze-ceramic
Iimpawu zezixhobo ze-ceramic: (1) ukuxhathisa okulungileyo; (2) ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ubulukhuni obuhle obubomvu; (3) ukuqina kwesixhobo kumaxesha aliqela okanye amatyeli amaninzi aphezulu kunezixhobo zemveli, ukunciphisa inani lotshintsho lwesixhobo ngexesha lokucubungula, ukuqinisekisa iTaper encinci kunyeukuchaneka okuphezulu komatshini wokusebenzela oza kwenziwa; (4) ayinakusetyenziselwa ukurhabaxa kunye nokugqiba izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu, kodwa nakwimishini enempembelelo enkulu efana nokusila, ukucwangcisa, ukusika okuphazamisekileyo kunye nokurhaxa okungenanto; (5) Xa i-ceramic blade inqunyulwa, ukungqubuzana ngetsimbi kuncinci, ukusika akulula ukubotshwa kwi-blade, umgca owenziweyo awulula ukwenzeka, kwaye ukusika kwesantya esiphezulu kunokwenziwa.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokufakwa kwe-carbide ene-cemented, ukufakwa kwe-ceramic kunokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-2000 ° C, ngelixa i-alloys eqinile ithambile kwi-800 ° C; ngoko ke izixhobo ze-ceramic zinezinga eliphezulu lokuzinza kweekhemikhali kwaye zinokunqunyulwa ngesantya esiphezulu, kodwa ukungahambi kakuhle kukufakwa kwe-ceramic. Amandla kunye nokuqina kuphantsi kwaye kulula ukuphuka. Kamva, iikeramics ze-boron nitride (emva koku zibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo ze-cubic boron nitride) zaye zaziswa, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukujika, ukungqusha, kunye nemathiriyeli ekruqulayo edikayo. Ubunzima be-cubic boron nitride cutters buphezulu kakhulu kunokufakwa kwe-ceramic. Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-superhard material enedayimane. Iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukucubungula imathiriyeli enobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-HRC48. Inobulukhuni obuphezulu bobushushu obuphezulu-ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2000 ° C, nangona I-brittle ngaphezu kweencayithi ze-carbide enesamente, kodwa iphucule kakhulu amandla empembelelo kunye nokumelana nokutyumza xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ze-alumina ceramic. Ukongeza, ezinye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ze-cubic boron nitride (ezifana ne-Huachao Super Hard BN-K1 kunye ne-BN-S20) zinokumelana nomthwalo we-chip womatshini onzima kwaye unokumelana nempembelelo yokwenziwa kwe-intermittent machining kunye nokugqiba. Ukunxiba kunye nokusika ukushisa, ezi mpawu zinokuhlangabezana nokucutshungulwa okunzima kwentsimbi eqinile kunye nobunzima obuphezulu bentsimbi kunye nezixhobo ze-cubic boron nitride.
