Simbi yekucheka tekinoroji uye chimiro chekuvandudza chishandiso

Simbi yekucheka tekinoroji uye chimiro chekuvandudza chishandiso

Kubva pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, nekuda kwekubudirira kunobudirira kwesainzi uye tekinoroji senge microelectronics, tekinoroji yeruzivo, uye sainzi yemidziyo, uye nekukasira kufambira mberi kweinjiniya, kukurumidza kusimudzira kwekugadzira nekugadzira tekinoroji yakasimudzirwa. Pakasvika mugumo wezana ramakore rechi20, miuyo inoshamisa yawanwa. Kufambira mberi kwaita basa guru mukusimudzira upfumi hwenyika yose uye kunorumbidzwa seinjini yeupfumi hwenyika.

Kupfupisa nhoroondo iyi, kuongorora kusimukira kwevanhu, hupfumi uye budiriro, hurumende dzine kunzwisisa kutsva kwekukosha kwekugadzira: kunyangwe nhasi, apo maindasitiri epamusoro uye maindasitiri ari kusimukira akasimudzira zvakanyanya hupfumi, kugadzira kuchiri hupfumi hwenyika. Uye hwaro hwesimba rakazara. Kuteerera uye kukurumidza kusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira kwave nyika ine simba pasi rose, kunyanya nyika ichiri kusimukira seChina, iyo yakaunza mikana isingawanzo uye matambudziko matsva mukuvandudza kwekugadzira uye kugadzira tekinoroji.

Munguva iyi, tekinoroji yekucheka simbi, inova ndiyo yekutanga tekinoroji yekugadzira tekinoroji, yakagadziridzwawo nekukurumidza, uye yakapinda muchikamu chitsva chebudiriro chinoratidzwa nekuvandudzwa kwekucheka-kumhanya, kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro matsva ekucheka uye nzira dzekugadzirisa. , uye kupihwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa matekinoroji. Izvi zvinoenderana nekufambira mberi kwakazara uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira tekinoroji, kusanganisira kufambira mberi kwakazara kweCNC muchina maturusi, masisitimu ekudzora, zvekushandisa, tekinoroji yekupfekedza, chimiro chemidziyo uye humwe hunyanzvi. Iyo yakazara mhedzisiro inogadzirwa nekambani yakasimudzira kufambira mberi kwese kwekucheka tekinoroji. Hunza huwandu hwese kune imwe nhanho. Chinhu chikuru uye tekinoroji yehurefu iyi ndeyekumhanya kwekucheka kwepamusoro (Tafura 1), ichicherekedza nzira yekucheka muchikamu chitsva chekucheka-kumhanya.

Kusvika iye zvino, kucheka kwepamusoro-soro kwave kuri chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirwa kwepamusoro uye chiratidzo chakakosha, ichiva tekinoroji yakakosha muindasitiri yekugadzira, indasitiri yemotokari, indasitiri yemuchadenga, indasitiri yekuumbwa uye mamwe makuru maindasitiri. Munyika dzakabudirira, kucheka kwepamusoro kwazova unyanzvi hutsva hunoshanda. Kubudirira kwekusimudzira uye kushandiswa kweyepamusoro-kumhanya yekucheka tekinoroji nyowani yave chiyero chakakosha kumabhizinesi kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa, kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira, kupfupisa nguva dzekutungamira uye kugadzirisa kukwikwidza. Yakakosha tekinoroji uye yehupfumi mabhenefiti. Naizvozvo, kukurumidza kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekucheka tekinoroji inomiririrwa nehunyanzvi hwekucheka tekinoroji yave kubvumirana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugadzira uye kugadzira tekinoroji munyika dzakasiyana siyana.

Kucheka tekinoroji uye chimiro chekuvandudza chishandiso

Kutanga, yakagadzira matekinoroji matsva akadai sekucheka-kumhanya, izvo zvakavandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa.

High-speed yekucheka inopa yakasarudzika mukana senzira nyowani yekucheka. Chokutanga pane zvose, kushanda kwekucheka kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya. Tichitora zvidimbu zvishanu zvekugadzira injini yemotokari semuenzaniso, mumakore gumi apfuura kana zvakadaro, kugona kwekugadzira kwakavandudzwa nekanenge ka1 kusvika kaviri, senge PCD yekumisa milling cutter yekugadzira aluminium alloy cylinder misoro. Kumhanya kwekugaya kwasvika 4021m/min uye chiyero chekudya chiri 5670mm/min, icho chakapetwa kaviri zvichienzaniswa nemutsara wekugadzira wakaunzwa muChina mukutanga kwema1990. Semuyenzaniso, CBN face milling cutter yekupedzisa grey cast iron cylinder ine milling speed ye2000m/ Min, kagumi zvirinani pane zvechinyakare carbide face milling cutters. Chechipiri, high-speed yekucheka zvakaremitsara pamwe chete nekugadzirisa kwesimbi yakakandwa uye kudzima hardware, uye yakawedzera kubva kumunda wekupedzisa kusvika kumunda wekupedzisira, iyo yakavandudza zvikuru kushanda kwekucheka. Aluminium alloy chinhu chakakosha muindasitiri yeaerospace uye indasitiri yemotokari. Yakakwirira-inoshanda kugadzirwa kwealuminium alloy ndiyo yakakosha tekinoroji muzvikamu zviviri izvi zveindasitiri. Parizvino, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwepamusoro-kushanda maturusi akagadzirwa nePCD, kucheka kwekucheka kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, kwepamusoro. Yekucheka kumhanya yasvika 7000m/min. Zvigadzirwa zvakawedzerwa kubva kune ekutanga maturusi ekushandura uye kumeso ekucheka kucheka kuti apedze zvigayo, zviboorero, reamers, kugadzira maturusi, nezvimwe; PCD zvakare ndiyo yega chishandiso chinoshanda chekugadzirisa zvisiri-metallic zvinhu zvakaita segraphite uye zvekugadzira zvinhu. Zvinogona kufanoona kuti nekusimudzirwa kweCBN nePCD zvishandiso, zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvishandiso zvichawedzera kuwedzera, uye munda wekushandisa uchawedzerwa, zvichitungamira mukuvandudzwa kwekucheka kugadzirwa kune yakakwirira-kumhanya uye yakakwirira-inoshanda machining.

Kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvesimbi zvakakurumidza kuchiri kutaurwa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekushandisa. Kunyange zvazvo kutengesa kwe-high-speed simbi maturusi uye cemented carbide zvishandiso zvakaderedzwa neanenge 5% pagore, high-performance cobalt high-speed steel uye Kushandiswa kwepoda metallurgy high speed simbi iri kuwedzera. Aya masimbi maviri epamusoro-soro anomhanya ane nhoroondo refu, ane zviri nani kupfeka kusagadzikana, kuomarara kwakatsvuka uye kuvimbika pane zvakajairika simbi inomhanya, kunyanya kuita kweupfu metallurgy high-speed simbi, asi nekuda kwemutengo High, yakashandiswa. kuti ishandiswe muindasitiri yezvemuchadenga kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakaoma. Nekutsvaga kwekucheka kunyatsoita uye shanduko yemafungiro, aya maturusi esimbi epamusoro-soro anotanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumitsara otomatiki, senge madhiri, zvigayo zvekupedzisira, matepi uye mamwe maturusi ezvinangwa uye magiya anocheka, mabroache nezvimwe. zvishandiso zvakaoma. Yakagashirwa yakagadziridzwa yekucheka kumhanya uye machining mhando, yakavimbika kushandiswa uye yakawedzerwa hupenyu hwematurusi. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvishandiso zvakataurwa pamusoro apa zvakagadzirwa nepamusoro-soro-yepamusoro-soro yesimbi yakawedzerwa uye yakashandiswa kune general processing, uye yakave yakajairika chigadzirwa chekunze chepamusoro-speed steel tools.

Muchidimbu, mukugadzirwa kweakasiyana maturusi emidziyo, simende carbide inoita basa rinotungamira, asi kuita kwezvimwe zvishandiso zvematurusi kwakagadziridzwawo zvakanyanya, kuwedzera nzvimbo dzazvo dzekushandisa, vachigadzira zvakasiyana siyana zvekushandisa. Pane zvakasarudzika mabhenefiti uye chiyero chekushandisa chinotsiva chimwe nechimwe kuti chienderane pateni yese. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti yakazara uye nekukurumidza kukura kwezvinhu zvekushandisa zvakateya hwaro hwemazuva ano ekumhanya-mhanya, kukwirira kwesimbi kutema.

Chechitatu, machira ndiyo yakakosha tekinoroji yekuvandudza mashandiro emidziyo.

Iyo tekinoroji yekupfekedza yechishandiso inoita basa rakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano ekucheka nekucheka maturusi. Yakakura nekukurumidza kubva payakavambwa, kunyanya mumakore achangopfuura. Kemikari yekuputira (CVD) ichiri iyo huru yekubatisa maitiro ekuisa indexable. Maitiro matsva akadai seyepakati tembiricha CVD, gobvu firimu aluminium oxide, uye shanduko layer yakagadziridzwa. Zvichienderana nekuvandudzwa kweiyo base zvinhu, iyo CVD coating inopokana. Zvose kupfeka uye kusimba kunovandudzwa; CVD madhaimani majasi akafambirawo mberi, achivandudza kupedzwa kwepamusoro kwejasi uye kupinda munhanho inoshanda. Parizvino, chiyero chekuputira chekunze carbide indexable inserts chasvika kupfuura 70%. Munguva iyi, kufambira mberi kwekuputira kwemuviri (PVD) kwave kuchinyanya kuoneka, uye kufambira mberi kwakakosha kwakaitwa muchoto chevira, nzira, uye kudzora otomatiki, uye kwete chete kupisa kupisa kwakakodzera kucheka kwekukurumidza, kucheka kwakaoma, uye kwakaoma. kucheka kwakagadzirwa. Zvirinani coatings, akadaiSuper TiAlN, uye TiAlCN general-chinangwa machira ane zvirinani kuita kwese uye DLC, W/C anti-friction coatings, uye kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira dhizaini, yakagadziridzwa nano- uye akawanda-layer zvimiro, Inovandudza coating kuoma uye kusimba. Tafura 2 inoratidza machira ekupedzisira kubva kuSwitzerland kambani PLATIT.

Iko kuvandudza kutsva kwePVD yekupfekedza tekinoroji inotiratidza kugona kukuru uye kwakasarudzika kwakasarudzika kweiyo coating tekinoroji yekuvandudza mashandiro ezvishandiso: machira matsva anogona kuvandudzwa kuburikidza nekutonga kweiyo coating process paramita uye kugadzirisa kwechinangwa uye maitiro magasi. Kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa zvakasiyana, inokurumidza uye yakanaka tekinoroji yekuvandudza nekuvandudza maturusi ekushandisa, uye ine tarisiro yakafara kwazvo yekushandisa.

Chechina, kuvandudzwa kwechishandiso chimiro chachinja chiso uye basa rimwechete rechinyakare chiyero maturusi.

Nekukurumidza kusimukira kweindasitiri yekugadzira, maindasitiri akakosha akadai seindasitiri yemotokari, indasitiri yezvemuchadenga uye indasitiri yekuumbwa akaisa pamberi pepamusoro zvinodiwa zvekucheka kugadzirwa, uye akakurudzira kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwezvishandiso zvinogoneka. Iyo yakakosha seti yezvishandiso zvakagadzirirwa mutsara wekugadzira indasitiri yemotokari zvapaza netsika yechinyakare yekugovera maturusi pane zvinodiwa uye "yakavharwa kugadzira gonhi", uye yave yakakosha tekinoroji chinhu chehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa tekinoroji, kuvandudza kushanda nesimba uye kuchengetedza mari, uye kutamba basa idzva. Mufananidzo 3 ndeyekumhanya-mhanya kwekucheka kweWIDIA maitiro matsva e crankshaft machining.

Indasitiri ye mold inoratidzirwa nekushanda kwepamusoro, chidimbu chimwe chete, kugadzirwa kwebatch diki, kuoma kwakanyanya kwezvinhu zvekuumbwa, yakaoma kugadzirisa, chimiro chakaoma, yakawanda yekubvisa simbi, nguva pfupi yekutumira, uye inova simba rekutyaira rine simba rekugadzira indexable chishandiso. chimiro, senge Functional face milling cutters, dzakasiyana siyana bhora kupera milling cutters, modular end mill system, boring uye milling cutter, hombe milling cutter, etc. Tichitarisa kumashure pakuvandudzwa kwekucheka kugadzirwa kubva kuma1990s, indasitiri yekuumba ichiri iyo nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yekucheka kwepamusoro-kumhanya, kucheka kwakaoma uye maitiro akaoma ekucheka.

Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa neindasitiri yemuchadenga kuti inyatso gadzira mahombe ealuminium alloy components, itsva high-speed aruminiyamu alloy face milling cutter uye mamwe maturusi akagadzirwa. Mufananidzo 4 ndeye-high-speed face milling cutter kubva kuSandvik, ine hupamhi hwepamusoro hwe24000r / min uye kukurumidza kucheka. Inosvika 6000m/min.

Panguva imwecheteyo, zvimiro zvitsva zvekuisa indexable zvakabuda, senge blister blades yekutenderedza, yakaoma-saizi milling cutter blades ine makona epamberi, bhora-kupera kweguyo blades, uye yakakwirira-speed anti-kupwanya blades. Milling cutter blades uye zvichingodaro.

Nekuvandudzwa kwebasa reiyo mashanu-axis linkage CNC chishandiso chekukuya muchina uye kufarirwa kwechishandiso chayo, zviyero zvejometri zvezvigayo zvepasi rose senge zvigayo zvekupedzisira uye zviboorero zvakasiyaniswa, izvo zvinoshandura maitiro ekare echinyakare maturusi. uye inogona kugadzirisa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadziriswa zvinhu uye Processing mamiriro, kucheka kushanda kwakawedzera maererano. Zvimwe zvimiro zvitsva zvinogadzirawo mitsva yekucheka, senge isina kuenzana helix angle end mills. Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa magumo mill, asina kuenzana helix angle end mill anogona kunyatso kudzikamisa chishandiso kuzunguza, kunatsiridza machining kupera, uye kuwedzera maturusi. Kucheka kudzika uye chiyero chekudya. Semuyenzaniso, zviboorero zvakasiyana-siyana zvecarbide zvemhando dzakasiyana dzematipi ezvibooreso nemhando dzakasiyana dzegorofu, Mufananidzo 5 mabheti akasiyana siyana uye mafomu ekukuya akasiyana akaunzwa neShanghai Tool Works Co., Ltd. Iko kuvandudzwa kwematapi ecarbide uye carbide tambo milling cutters inovandudza kushanda kweshinda kugadzirisa kusvika padanho rekucheka-kumhanya. Kunyanya, carbide thread millingvateki havangove nepamusoro pekugadzirisa, asiwo vane hutano hwakanaka, hunogona kuchengetedza mari yekushandisa.

Chechishanu, kukurumidza kukura kwekutsigira matekinoroji.

Iyo tekinoroji yekucheka inogadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma pamwe nekufambira mberi kwekucheka tekinoroji. Icho chikamu chakakosha chekinoroji yekucheka tekinoroji uye inochengetedza kukurumidza kusimudzira nekucheka tekinoroji uye maturusi, kusanganisira pakati pechibatiso uye muchina wekushandisa spindle. Nzira yekubatanidza, kusungirira kwechishandiso mumudziyo wemidziyo, chiyero chegadziriro yemidziyo uye manejimendi ekushandisa.

The double-sided hollow hollow taper shank (HSK) machine tool-tool interface ine zvakanakira kunaka kwekubatanidza kusimba, kukwirira kwepamusoro kurongeka, kupfupisa kurodha uye kuburitsa nguva, nezvimwewo. ) Chimiro cheichi chibatiso chave chiyero chepamutemo chepasi rose, uye chakagamuchirwa nevazhinji vanogadzira maturusi emuchina. Yakaunza nzvimbo dzekumhanya-mhanya neHSK spindle interfaces uye maturusi masisitimu kana maturusi akabatanidzwa ane HSK zvigadziriso. Hunhu hune simba uye tarisiro yekushandisa yakanaka yeiyi rudzi rutsva rwechibatiso. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamwe makambani akagadzira shank zvimiro zvakafanana neHSK, seSandvik's Capto shank uye Kennametal's KM shank. Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave zvakare ne7:24 interface yekusangana-mativi maviri kana kunyange matatu anobatika kuti agadzirise zvinodiwa zvemichina iripo maturusi ekumhanya-mhanya machining.

Iko kushandiswa kweyepamusoro-kumhanya kutenderera maturusi zvakare kunoisa zvitsva zvinodikanwa pakurovera kwemidziyo. Inoda yakakwira clamping precision, radial runout

Mukuwedzera, pane kuenzana uye kuchengetedzwa kunodiwa kune-high-speed inotenderera maturusi. Nekuda kwemaitiro asymmetry kana eccentricity inokonzerwa nekugadzira uye kukanganisa kwegungano, pane kusaenzana pakati pepakati pekutenderera uye kutenderera kwepamusoro-kumhanya. Iyo periodic radial simba inoshanda pane inotakura sisitimu ye spindle uye kunyangwe kune mamwe mativi emuchina, inokanganisa kunaka kwemuchina, hupenyu hwechishandiso uye kushanda kwemuchina. Kuti izvi zviitike, kusaenzana kunobvumirwa uye kushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro kwe-high-speed rotary zvishandiso kunotsanangurwa; vagadziri vezvishandiso vakagadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadziriswa kuenzanisa maturusi, kana maturusi ekutenderera uye maturusi masisitimu ekucheka-kumhanya-mhanya vasati varodha mu spindle. Balance pamushini we dynamic balancing kudzikamisa kusaenzana kune imwe tambo. Kuti uderedze huwandu hwekusaenzana (eccentricity) inogadzirwa mushure mekunge chishandiso chatakurwa mu spindle, iyo nyowani online otomatiki kuenzanisa tekinoroji inoyera iyo spindle, shank uye chishandiso serotor system pakushanda.speed.

Mukucheka-kumhanya-mhanya, kumhanya kwechishandiso kwakakwira kupfuura 10,000 ~ 20000r/min kana kunyange yakakwirira. Panguva ino, zvikamu zvinosungirirwa zvemuviri weblade, blade uye blade zvinoiswa pasi pesimba guru re centrifugal. Kana kukurumidza kutenderera kunosvika kune imwe yakakosha kukosha, inokwana. Iyo blade inoburitswa kunze, kana iyo clamping screw yakatyoka, kana kunyange muviri wese watyoka. Muchiitiko chemamiriro ezvinhu aya, midziyo kana kukuvadzwa kwemunhu kunogona kukonzera njodzi, saka inofanirwa kudzivirira teknolojia yekucheka yakakwirira. Kuti izvi zviitike, Germany yakagadzira tsananguro yekuchengetedzwa kwezvishandiso zvekumhanya-mhanya, izvo zvine mitemo yakasimba pakugadzira, kuedza, kushandisa uye kuenzana kwemhando yechishandiso. Ichi chirevo chave chiyero cheEurope uye chiyero chepasi rose.

Zvinoenderana nedata, mutengo wakananga wechishandiso unongoverengera 2% ~ 4% yemutengo wekugadzira, nepo mutengo wekushandisa uye manejimendi unopfuura 12%. Sayenzi yekushandisa manejimendi inogona kuchengetedza mushandisi mutengo wakakura wemidziyo uye kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira. Naizvozvo, kuvandudza tekinoroji yekushandisa tekinoroji uye ine hukama software uye hardware yave bhizinesi chiyero chevagadziri vezvishandiso, ichipa vashandisi nzira dzakasiyana dzematurusi manejimendi masevhisi, kubva kune yakapusa maturusi manejimendi kurongedza chibvumirano cheese mabhizinesi ezvishandiso, kusanganisira Tool procurement, chitupa. , chengetedzo, pa-saiti sevhisi, kugayazve chishandiso, kuvandudza maitiro, kuvandudza chirongwa, nezvimwe kuwana kukohwa kaviri kwehupfumi uye teknolojia.

Yechitanhatu, iyo nyowani bhizinesi modhi yeindasitiri yezvishandiso.

Nekuvandudzwa kwe tekinoroji yekucheka, iyo indasitiri yezvishandiso iri kuita shanduko mumashandisirwo ekushanda. Takatarisana nekuwedzera nyowani yekugadzira modhi uye nyowani yebasa rekushandisa, "zvishandiso" hazvisisiri nyore zvigadzirwa. Kana yatengeswa, iwo akakosha maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro kana mutsara wekugadzira tekinoroji. Vagadziri vezvishandiso vanofanirwa kukwanisa Kupa vashandisi tekinoroji yakakwana yekugadzira kuti vabatsire vashandisi kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa, kunaka kwechigadzirwa uye kudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira chave kutungamira uye chinangwa chebhizinesi chekusimudzira bhizinesi revagadziri vezvishandiso. Parizvino, vagadziri vezvishandiso vakaunza indasitiri yezvishandiso padanho repamusoro rekusimudzira kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana dzemabhizinesi masevhisi akadai se "kushandira vashandisi" uye "kupa mhinduro". Chokwadi chakaratidza kuti tsika iyi yevagadziri vezvishandiso vekunze inobatsira mukusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira, ichiunza mamwe mabhenefiti kune vashandisi uye kugamuchirwa nevashandisi.

Shandisa tekinoroji yekucheka yepamusoro kuti ikurumidze kusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira yeChina

Kongiresi yeNyika yechigumi nenhanhatu yeBato reCommunist yeChina yakaisa pamberi basa rekuvaka nzanga yakagadzikana nenzira yakatenderedza uye nekuona maindasitiri matsva. Yakaridza nyanga yekufora kweChina kubva kusimba rekugadzira kuenda kusimba rekugadzira. Seyakakosha tekinoroji yekugadzira tekinoroji, yekucheka chishandiso ndiyo yekutanga process michina. Yave pachinhanho chekutanga mukufora kwenhoroondo iyi. Yepamberi yekucheka tekinoroji uye maturusi ekucheka ndiko kusimudzira kweChina kweindasitiri yemotokari, indasitiri yezvemuchadenga, indasitiri yesimba uye midziyo inotsigira. Zvinodiwa zvekugadzira mold. Pamberi pemukana mukuru wakadaro, tinofanira kushandisa zvizere zvemberi zvekucheka michina uye kucheka maturusi kushumira indasitiri yekugadzira yeChina.

Kuti izvi zviitike, indasitiri yezvishandiso yeChina iri kukurumidza kubatanidzwa neindasitiri yezvishandiso pasi rose, kuunza michina yemhando yepamusoro uye tekinoroji kuburikidza neshanduko yetekinoroji, nekugadzira nekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yekutanga. China's tool industry'szvemhando dzezvishandiso. Chete nerubatsiro rwevashandi vavo iwe unogona kusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chaunoda. Iyi zvakare ndiyo ikozvino yekunze maturusi ekugadzira. Uzivi hwebhizinesi hwe "system supply" uye "kupa mhinduro" inokurudzirwa nekambani. Chechipiri, zvinodikanwa kutyora pfungwa isiriyo yemutengo wechombo - uchifunga kuti chishandiso chakanaka chinodhura zvakanyanya kushandisa. Aya ndiwo maonero agara achikanganisa kufambira mberi kwekucheka tekinoroji muChina uye kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yenyika. Chishandiso "chinodhura" uye chinongoverengera 2% ~ 4% yemutengo wekugadzira (pasi pe2% mumabhizinesi mazhinji muChina). Chete nekushandisa banga "rinodhura", kubudirira kunogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yechidimbu chimwe chete. Mabhenefiti ebhizinesi anozopedzisira awana mhedzisiro yekudyara kushoma uye kwakawanda kuburitsa. Kuburikidza nemienzaniso chaiyo yekugadzirisa, zvinogona kuratidzwa kuti mutengo wechishandiso hausi kupfuura wechigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe.

Chekupedzisira, ndinovimba kuti kuburikidza nekuedza kwemunhu wese, tekinoroji yekucheka yechikamu ichi ichaiswa pamwechete kuti ibatsire mukufambisira mberi kweChina kugadzira nekugadzira.