Ukadaulo wodulira zitsulo ndi chitukuko cha zida

Chitsulo kudula luso ndi chida chitukuko udindo

Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, chifukwa cha zopindulitsa za sayansi ndi ukadaulo monga ma microelectronics, ukadaulo wazidziwitso, ndi sayansi yazinthu, komanso kupititsa patsogolo uinjiniya, kukula kwachangu kwaukadaulo wopanga ndi kupanga kwalimbikitsidwa. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, pakhala pali zotulukapo zochititsa chidwi. Kupita patsogoloku kwathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha chuma cha padziko lonse ndipo akuyamikiridwa ngati injini ya chuma cha padziko lonse.

Kufotokozera mwachidule mbiriyi, kuyang'ana chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, chuma ndi chitukuko, maboma ali ndi chidziwitso chatsopano cha kufunikira kwa kupanga zinthu: ngakhale lero, pamene mafakitale apamwamba ndi omwe akubwera alimbikitsa kwambiri chuma, kupanga akadali chuma cha dziko. Ndipo maziko a mphamvu zonse. Kusamalira ndi kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha makampani opanga zinthu zakhala dziko lamphamvu padziko lapansi, makamaka dziko lotukuka monga China, lomwe labweretsa mwayi wosowa komanso zovuta zatsopano pa chitukuko cha kupanga ndi kupanga teknoloji.

Nthawi imeneyi, zitsulo kudula luso, amene ndi mfundo luso luso kupanga, nayenso anayamba mofulumira, ndipo walowa gawo latsopano la chitukuko yodziwika ndi chitukuko cha mkulu-liwiro kudula, chitukuko cha njira zatsopano kudula ndi processing njira. , ndi kupereka umisiri wathunthu processing. Izi zimachokera pakupita patsogolo komanso luso laukadaulo wopanga, kuphatikiza kupita patsogolo kwa zida zamakina a CNC, machitidwe owongolera, zida za zida, ukadaulo wokutira, kapangidwe ka zida ndi matekinoloje ena. Zotsatira zonse zopangidwa ndi kampani zalimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wodula. Bweretsani mlingo wonse ku mlingo watsopano. Chinthu chachikulu ndi luso la msinkhu uwu ndi kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwambiri (Table 1), kuwonetsa kudula mu gawo latsopano la kudula kothamanga kwambiri.

Mpaka pano, kudula kwachangu kwakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri laukadaulo wopangira zida zapamwamba komanso chizindikiro chachikulu, kukhala ukadaulo wofunikira pamakampani opanga magalimoto, makampani opanga magalimoto, makampani opanga ndege, nkhungu ndi zigawo zina zazikulu zamakampani. M'mayiko otukuka, kudula kwachangu kwakhala njira yatsopano yothandiza. Chitukuko chogwira ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono lamakono lamakono lakhala njira yofunika kwambiri kwa mabizinesi kuti apititse patsogolo kukonza bwino ndi khalidwe lazogulitsa, kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, kufupikitsa nthawi zotsogolera ndikuwongolera mpikisano. Zopindulitsa kwambiri zaukadaulo ndi zachuma. Choncho, kufulumizitsa chitukuko ndi ntchito patsogolo luso kudula akuimiridwa ndi luso mkulu-liwiro kudula wakhala mgwirizano m'madera osiyanasiyana a kupanga ndi kupanga luso m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Kudula luso ndi chida chitukuko chikhalidwe

Choyamba, wapanga umisiri watsopano monga mkulu-liwiro kudula, amene bwino processing Mwachangu.

Kudula kothamanga kwambiri kumapereka mwayi wapadera ngati njira yatsopano yodulira. Choyamba, kudula kwachangu kwasinthidwa kwambiri. Potengera makina asanu a injini yagalimoto monga chitsanzo, m'zaka 10 zapitazi kapena kupitilira apo, kupanga kwabwinoko kwasinthidwa nthawi pafupifupi 1 mpaka 2, monga chodulira nkhope cha PCD pokonza mitu ya silinda ya aluminiyamu. Liwiro la mphero lafika pa 4021m/mphindi ndipo mlingo wa chakudya ndi 5670mm/mphindi, womwe umawirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi mzere wopanga womwe unayambitsidwa ku China koyambirira kwa 1990s. Mwachitsanzo, CBN face mphero cutter kumaliza imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo masilindala ali ndi mphero liwiro 2000m/ Min, 10 nthawi 10 kuposa miyambo carbide nkhope odula. Chachiwiri, kudula kothamanga kulinsozopindulitsa kuwongolera mtundu wazinthu, kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, komanso kufupikitsa nthawi yotsogolera. Kuphatikiza apo, pamaziko aukadaulo wodula kwambiri, zida zatsopano monga kudula kowuma (quasi-dry cutting, micro-lubricating cutting), kudula molimba (ndi kugaya galimoto, mphero ndi kugaya) zapangidwa, zomwe sizingowonjezera kusintha. ndi processing dzuwa komanso kusintha mwambo. Malire a ntchito zosiyanasiyana kudula, ndi chilengedwe cha nyengo yatsopano kudula kupanga "zobiriwira kupanga." The zovuta kudula luso wakhala kwambiri kothandiza latsopano ndondomeko Machining a dzenje lamkati la zida galimoto ndi owumitsa nkhungu processing. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa nkhungu yopangira 65HRC.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, njira zopangira makina opangidwa bwino kwambiri (HPM, HSM) zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zambiri zodyera zakhala zikuchitika molingana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zikuwonetseratu kukula kwa chitukuko cha teknoloji yodula kwambiri.

Chachiwiri, magwiridwe antchito a zida zosiyanasiyana zozikidwa pa simenti ya carbide adawongoleredwa bwino.

Kuchita kwa simenti ya carbide kumapitilizidwa bwino, ndipo malo ogwiritsira ntchito amakulitsidwa, omwe amakhala chida chachikulu chodulira, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa kuwongolera kwachangu. Choyamba ndi chitukuko cha zida zolimba zolimba, zowoneka bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu komanso kulimba kwa zida za carbide. Zida zonse zolimba za alloy zopangidwa kuchokera pamenepo, makamaka zobowola zazikulu ndi zapakatikati. Zida monga mphero zomaliza ndi matepi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa zida zachitsulo zothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera kuthamanga kwachangu komanso kukonza bwino makina kangapo. Chida cha chilengedwe chonse chokhala ndi nkhope yochuluka chimabweretsedwa mumtundu wodula kwambiri, ndipo ndondomeko yodulira imalowetsedwa mokwanira. Theka la siteji yodula kwambiri yayikidwa. Pakali pano, chida chonse cholimba cha carbide chakhala chinthu chokhazikika chamakampani opangira zida zapakhomo ndi akunja, ndipo chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira ngati gawo lonse lodulira likuyenda bwino. Pakali pano, zoweta Hunan Diamond Carbide Zida Co., Ltd., Shanghai Chida Factory Co., Ltd., Siping Xinggong Kudula Chida Co., Ltd. ndi mabizinesi ena akhoza kupanga olimba carbide mapeto mphero, matepi, kubowola ndi zinthu zina, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2, Hunan. Chida cholimba cha carbide chopangidwa ndi Diamond Carbide.Osati kokha, koma ma carbides olimba amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zida zina zovuta kupanga. Kachiwiri, kupititsa patsogolo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano monga simenti ya simenti ya carbide pressure kwathandiza kuti carbide ikhale yabwino kwambiri; ndi chitukuko cha magiredi apadera kwa zosowa zosiyanasiyana processing, ndi patsogolo bwino ntchito ya simenti carbide. Pankhani ya zida zoyambira za simenti yoyikapo simenti ya carbide, carbide yokhala ndi simenti yolimba bwino yolimbana ndi kupunduka kwa pulasitiki komanso malo olimba adapangidwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ntchito yodula komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya choyikapo chiti cha carbide chikhale cholimba.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida za ceramic ndi zida za cermet zawonjezeka, mphamvu ndi kulimba zakhala zikuyenda bwino, malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi makina opangira ntchito zawonjezedwa, ndipo alloy yolimba yasinthidwa m'malo mwa kumaliza ndi theka-kumaliza chitsulo ndi chitsulo choponyedwa. wasintha bwino processing Mwachangu ndi mankhwala khalidwe. Pakalipano, zida zoterezi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kokha pamtundu umodzi, kupanga magulu ang'onoang'ono, komanso kupanga mizere yambiri ya msonkhano, komanso chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chida chokonda kwambiri chodula ndi cholimba. kudula.

Kulimba kwa zida za PCD ndi CBN zida zolimba kwambiri komanso kuwongolera kwa njira zopangira zidapangitsa kuti gawo lofunsira likule. Zida zotopetsa za Cylinder zopangidwa ndi CBN zagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokhamizere komanso pokonza chitsulo chosungunula ndi zida zozimitsa, ndipo zakula kuchokera kumunda womaliza kupita kumunda womaliza, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri kuti kudula. Aluminiyamu alloy ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani azamlengalenga komanso mafakitale amagalimoto. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa aloyi ya aluminiyamu ndiukadaulo wofunikira m'magawo awiriwa. Pakadali pano, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba kwambiri zopangidwa ndi PCD, kudula bwino kumakhala bwino kwambiri, kopambana kwambiri. Liwiro lodula lafika 7000m / min. Zogulitsazo zakulitsidwa kuchokera ku zida zosinthira zoyambirira ndi ocheka mphero kumaso mpaka mphero, kubowola, zopangira, zopangira zida, ndi zina; PCD ndiyenso chida chothandiza pokonza zinthu zopanda zitsulo monga ma graphite ndi zinthu zopangidwa. Iwo akhoza kudziwiratu kuti ndi Kukwezeleza zida CBN ndi PCD, zosiyanasiyana zida adzawonjezera kuonjezera, ndi ntchito munda adzawonjezera kukodzedwa, kutsogolera chitukuko cha kudula processing kwa machining mkulu-liwiro ndi mkulu-mwachangu.

Kupititsa patsogolo zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri kumatchulidwabe pakupanga zida za zida. Ngakhale kugulitsa zida zachitsulo zothamanga kwambiri ndi zida za simenti za carbide zimachepetsedwa pafupifupi 5% pachaka, zitsulo zogwira ntchito kwambiri za cobalt ndi Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zitsulo za ufa wothamanga kwambiri kukuwonjezeka. Zitsulo ziwiri zapamwamba zothamanga kwambiri zimakhala ndi mbiri yakale, zimakhala bwino kuvala kukana, kuuma kofiira ndi kudalirika kuposa zitsulo wamba zothamanga kwambiri, makamaka zitsulo zopangira ufa, koma chifukwa cha mtengo wapamwamba, wogwiritsidwa ntchito. kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito muzamlengalenga pokonza zinthu zovuta. Ndi kufunafuna kudula bwino ndi kusintha kwa ganizo, izi mkulu-ntchito mkulu-liwiro zida zitsulo choyamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mizere basi, monga kubowola, mphero mapeto, matepi ndi zida zina wamba ndi odula zida, broaches ndi zina. zida zamakono. Analandira bwino kudula liwiro ndi Machining khalidwe, ntchito yodalirika ndi yaitali chida moyo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zida zomwe tatchulazi zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zakhala zikukulitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu zambiri, ndipo zakhala mankhwala ochiritsira akunja othamanga kwambiri.

Mwachidule, pakupanga zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, carbide yomangidwa ndi simenti imatenga gawo lotsogola, koma magwiridwe antchito a zida zina adawongoleredwanso kwambiri, kukulitsa madera awo ogwiritsira ntchito, kupanga zida zosiyanasiyana. Pali ubwino wapadera ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zimasinthana wina ndi mzake kuti zigwirizane ndi ndondomeko yonse. Tinganene kuti mwatsatanetsatane komanso mofulumira chitukuko cha zipangizo zida wayala maziko a masiku ano mkulu-liwiro, mkulu-mwachangu zitsulo kudula.

Chachitatu, zokutira ndiukadaulo wofunikira pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.

Ukadaulo wokutira wa chidacho umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zida zamakono zodulira ndi kudula. Yakula mofulumira kwambiri kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kupaka kwa Chemical (CVD) akadali njira yayikulu yokutira pazoyika zolozera. Njira zatsopano monga kutentha kwapakati CVD, filimu wandiweyani aluminium oxide, ndi kusintha kosanjikiza zapangidwa. Kutengera kuwongolera kwazinthu zoyambira, zokutira za CVD ndizolimba. Zonse zovala ndi zolimba zimawongoleredwa; Zopaka za diamondi za CVD zapitanso patsogolo, kuwongolera kutha kwa zokutira ndikulowa gawo lothandiza. Pakali pano, ❖ kuyanika chiŵerengero cha oika akunja carbide indexable wafika kuposa 70%. Panthawiyi, kupita patsogolo kwa kuyanika kwa thupi (PVD) kwakhala koonekera kwambiri, ndipo kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwapangidwa mu ng'anjo yotentha, ndondomeko, ndi kulamulira basi, osati kutentha kokha koyenera kudula mofulumira, kudula kouma, ndi kulimba. kudula kwapangidwa. Zopaka bwino, mongaSuper TiAlN, ndi TiAlCN general-purpose zokutira ndi ntchito bwino wonse ndi DLC, W/C odana ndi mikangano zokutira, ndi kudzera luso ❖ kuyanika dongosolo, anapanga nano- ndi Mipikisano wosanjikiza nyumba, Kupititsa patsogolo ❖ kuyanika kuuma ndi kulimba. Table 2 ikuwonetsa zokutira zaposachedwa kwambiri kuchokera ku kampani yaku Swiss PLATIT.

Kukula kwatsopano kwaukadaulo wopaka utoto wa PVD kumatiwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu komanso mwayi wapadera waukadaulo wopangira zida kuti zithandizire kukonza magwiridwe antchito: zokutira zatsopano zitha kupangidwa mwa kuwongolera magawo opangira ❖ kuyanika ndi kusintha kwa chandamale ndi mpweya. Kukwaniritsa zosowa processing zosiyanasiyana, ndi kudya ndi luso luso kusintha ndi kusintha chida ntchito, ndipo ali ndi chiyembekezo yotakata ntchito.

Chachinayi, kupangidwa kwa zida zatsopano kwasintha nkhope ndi ntchito imodzi ya zida zodziwika bwino.

Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha makampani opanga, mafakitale kiyi monga makampani magalimoto, makampani Azamlengalenga ndi nkhungu makampani apereka zofunika apamwamba kudula processing, ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko mosalekeza zida indexable. Zida zapadera zopangira makina opangira magalimoto adutsa muzochita zachikhalidwe zoperekera zida zomwe zimafunidwa komanso "kupanga zitseko zotsekedwa", ndipo zakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo waukadaulo wopangira ukadaulo, kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndikupulumutsa ndalama, ndi kusewera gawo latsopano. Chithunzi 3 ndi chodulira chothamanga kwambiri panjira yatsopano ya WIDIA yopangira makina a crankshaft.

Makampani a nkhungu amadziwika ndi mphamvu zambiri, chidutswa chimodzi, kupanga batch yaying'ono, kuuma kwakukulu kwa zinthu za nkhungu, kukonza zovuta, mawonekedwe ovuta, kuchotsa zitsulo zambiri, nthawi yochepa yobereka, ndikukhala mphamvu yoyendetsa galimoto yopangira luso lachidziwitso cha indexable. kamangidwe, monga Zinchito nkhope odula mphero, zosiyanasiyana mpira mapeto mphero odula, yodziyimira pawokha mphero kachitidwe, wotopetsa ndi mphero cutters, lalikulu chakudya odula mphero, etc. Kuyang'ana mmbuyo pa chitukuko cha kudula processing kuyambira 1990s, makampani nkhungu akadali ndi kumene anabadwira atsopano mkulu-liwiro kudula, molimba kudula ndi youma kudula njira.

Kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamakampani opanga zakuthambo kuti azitha kukonza bwino zigawo zazikulu za aluminiyamu aloyi, chodulira chatsopano chothamanga kwambiri chapamaso ndi zida zina zapangidwa. Chithunzi 4 ndi mphero yothamanga kwambiri ya nkhope kuchokera ku Sandvik, ndi liwiro lalikulu la 24000r / min ndi kudula liwiro. Ndi 6000m / min.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zida zatsopano zoyikamo zolozera zatuluka, monga ma blister amphamvu kwambiri otembenuza, zodula zazikulu zazikuluzikulu zodula zokhala ndi ngodya zam'mbuyo, mphero zomaliza za mpira, ndi zotchingira zothamanga kwambiri. Milling cutter masamba ndi zina zotero.

Ndi kusintha kwa ntchito ya makina asanu ogwirizanitsa olamulira a CNC opera chida ndi kutchuka kwa ntchito yake, magawo a geometric a zipangizo zamakono zamakono monga mphero ndi zobowola zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri, zomwe zimasintha machitidwe akale a zida zamakono. ndipo akhoza kusintha kwa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kukonzedwa ndi zinthu Processing, kudula ntchito kuchuluka moyenerera. Zomangamanga zina zatsopano zimatulutsanso zatsopano zodulira, monga mphero zosafanana za helix angle end. Poyerekeza ndi mphero zokhazikika, mphero zosafanana za helix zimatha kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa zida, kukonza kumaliza kwa makina, ndikuwonjezera zida. Kudula kwakuya ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, zobowola zosiyanasiyana zama carbide zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsonga zobowola ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pobowola, Chithunzi 5 ndi tizibowo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timabowola nsonga zosiyanasiyana zobowola zomwe zidayambitsidwa ndi Shanghai Tool Works Co., Ltd. Kupanga matepi a carbide ndi odulira ulusi wa carbide kumathandizira kukonza bwino kwa ulusi mpaka pamlingo wodula kwambiri. Makamaka, carbide ulusi mpheroocheka samangokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, komanso amakhala ndi zosunthika zabwino, zomwe zimatha kupulumutsa mtengo wa zida.

Chachisanu, chitukuko chofulumira cha matekinoloje othandizira.

Tekinoloje yodula imapangidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wodula. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri laukadaulo wamakono wodula ndipo limasunga chitukuko mwachangu ndiukadaulo wodula ndi zida, kuphatikiza pakati pa chofukizira chida ndi spindle ya chida cha makina. Njira yolumikizira, kutsekereza kwa zida mu chogwirizira, kusanja kwa dongosolo la zida ndi kasamalidwe ka zida.

Mawonekedwe amitundu iwiri ya hollow hollow taper shank (HSK) chida chothandizira makina ali ndi ubwino wa kusagwirizana kwabwino, kukhazikika kwapamwamba, kutsitsa kochepa ndi nthawi yotsitsa, ndi zina zotero. ). Mapangidwe a chida ichi chakhala chovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chavomerezedwa ndi ambiri opanga zida zamakina. Yakhazikitsa malo opangira makina othamanga kwambiri okhala ndi ma HSK spindle interfaces ndi zida za zida kapena zida zophatikizika ndi zida za HSK. Mphamvu yamphamvu komanso chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito bwino chamtundu watsopano wa chida ichi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, makampani ena apanga mapangidwe a shank ofanana ndi HSK, monga Sandvik's Capto shank ndi Kennametal's KM shank. M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhalanso mawonekedwe a 7:24 olumikizana ndi mbali ziwiri kapena atatu olumikizirana kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamakina omwe alipo pakupanga makina othamanga kwambiri.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zida zothamanga kwambiri kumaperekanso zofunikira zatsopano pazitsulo zogwiritsira ntchito. Pamafunika mkulu clamping mwatsatanetsatane, radial runout

Kuonjezera apo, pali zofunikira zoyenera komanso chitetezo cha zida zothamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe asymmetry kapena eccentricity chifukwa cha zolakwika za kupanga ndi kusonkhana, pali kusamvana pakati pa pakati pa kuzungulira ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Mphamvu yama radial ya periodic imagwira ntchito pamakina a spindle komanso mbali zina zamakina, zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa makina, moyo wa chida komanso magwiridwe antchito a makina. Kuti izi zitheke, kusagwirizana kovomerezeka ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mofulumira kwa zida zothamanga kwambiri kumatchulidwa; opanga zida apanga zida zosinthira zosinthika, kapena zida zozungulira ndi zida zodulira mwachangu musanalowe mu spindle. Kusamala pamakina osinthira kusinthasintha kuti muchepetse kusalingana kwamitundu ina. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusalinganika (eccentricity) komwe kumapangidwa chidacho chikayikidwa mu spindle, ukadaulo watsopano wapaintaneti wowongolera umayang'anira spindle, shank ndi chida ngati rotor system pa opareshoni.liwiro.

Podula kwambiri, liwiro la chida ndilapamwamba kuposa 10,000 ~ 20000r / min kapena kupitilira apo. Panthawiyi, mbali zokhotakhota za thupi la tsamba, tsamba ndi tsamba zimagonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya centrifugal. Pamene liwiro lozungulira likufika pamtengo wapatali, ndilokwanira. Tsambalo limatulutsidwa, kapena chomangira chathyoka, kapena thupi lonse lathyoka. Zikachitika izi, zida kapena kuvulala kwamunthu kungayambitse ngozi, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupewa ukadaulo wodula kwambiri. Kuti izi zitheke, Germany yakhazikitsa ndondomeko ya chitetezo cha zida zothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi malamulo okhwima pakupanga, kuyesa, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusanja khalidwe la chidacho. Izi zakhala mulingo waku Europe komanso muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Malinga ndi deta, mtengo wachindunji wa chidacho umangotengera 2% ~ 4% ya mtengo wopanga, pomwe mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito chida ndi kasamalidwe ndi woposa 12%. Kasamalidwe ka zida zasayansi amatha kupulumutsa wogwiritsa mtengo wokwera wa zida ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopanga. Chifukwa chake, chitukuko chaukadaulo wowongolera zida ndi mapulogalamu ofananirako ndi zida za Hardware zakhala gawo labizinesi la opanga zida, kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zowongolera zida, kuyambira kasamalidwe ka zida zosavuta kupita kuzinthu zamabizinesi azinthu zonse, kuphatikiza kugula zida, chizindikiritso. , kusungirako, utumiki wapamalo, kukonzanso zida, kukonza ndondomeko, chitukuko cha polojekiti, ndi zina zotero. Makampani ogwiritsira ntchito angagwiritse ntchito mwayi wa utumiki wapaderawu, kukhalabe ndi ndondomeko yodula kwambiri, ndikuyang'ana pa chitukuko cha luso lamakono, ndi kukwaniritsa zokolola ziwiri zachuma ndi zamakono.

Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, mtundu watsopano wabizinesi wamakampani opanga zida.

Ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji yodula, makampani opanga zida akukumana ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito. Poyang'anizana ndi njira yatsopano yopangira zinthu komanso zida zatsopano zogwirira ntchito, "zida" sizikhalanso zosavuta. Akagulitsidwa, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera njira kapena ukadaulo wopanga mzere. Opanga zida ayenera kutha Kupereka owerenga ndi wathunthu processing luso kuthandiza owerenga kukwaniritsa cholinga kuwongolera processing Mwachangu, mankhwala khalidwe ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira wakhala malangizo ndi cholinga bizinesi ya chitukuko cha malonda opanga zida yachilendo '. Pakalipano, opanga zida abweretsa makampani opanga zida kuti apite patsogolo kupyolera muzinthu zosiyanasiyana zamalonda monga "ogwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito" ndi "kupereka mayankho". Zowona zatsimikizira kuti mchitidwewu wa opanga zida zakunja umathandizira pakukula kwamakampani opanga zinthu, kubweretsa zabwino zambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito komanso kulandiridwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.

Ntchito patsogolo kudula luso imathandizira chitukuko cha makampani opanga China

Msonkhano wa nambala 16 wa National Congress of the Communist Party of China unaika patsogolo ntchito yomanga anthu otukuka m'njira zonse ndi kuzindikira chitukuko chatsopano cha mafakitale. Inaliza lipenga la kuguba kwa China kuchoka ku mphamvu zopangira kupita ku mphamvu yopangira. Monga umisiri zofunika za luso kupanga, kudula chida ndi zofunika ndondomeko zida. Ili pamalo oyamba pamayendedwe akale akale. Ukadaulo waukadaulo wapamwamba komanso zida zodulira ndi chitukuko cha China chamakampani amagalimoto, mafakitale apamlengalenga, mafakitale amagetsi ndi zida zothandizira. Zofunikira pamakampani a nkhungu. Poyang'anizana ndi mwayi waukulu wotero, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira luso kudula ndi kudula zida kutumikira makampani opanga China.

Kuti izi zitheke, makampani opanga zida ku China akufulumizitsa kuphatikizika kwake ndi zida zapadziko lonse lapansi, kubweretsa zida zapamwamba zamakina ndiukadaulo kudzera mukusintha kwaukadaulo, ndikupanga ndikupanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Zida zamakampani zaku Chinama mineards awiri - Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group ndi Shanghai Tool Factory Co., Ltd. adatsogolera pakusintha kwaukadaulo ndi poyambira komanso ndalama zambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa ukadaulo wopangira zoyikapo indexable ndi zida zolimba za carbide ku China kuyandikira. Mlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi yomweyo, makampani opanga zida zakunja akukumana ndi chitukuko chofulumira chamakampani opanga zinthu zaku China komanso chiyembekezo chakukula mwachangu, kufulumizitsa mayendedwe akupanga kapena ntchito ku China, kuti achepetse ndalama zopangira, kupititsa patsogolo luso lautumiki, ndikufupikitsa kutsogolera. nthawi. Akuti kulowa kwa makampani opanga zida zakunja mumsika waku China kumapereka mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri kuti tigwiritse ntchito zida zapamwamba kuti tisinthe kupanga kwachikhalidwe. Tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wabwinowu ndikutengera zida zapamwamba zodulira kuti tithane ndi zovuta za kudalirana kwachuma kuti tipititse patsogolo luso laukadaulo komanso mphamvu zamabizinesi.

Pamene mabizinesi imathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wodula, momwe bizinesi iliyonse imakhala yosiyana, ndipo machitidwe ake ndi osiyana, koma mfundo zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lingaliro wamba:

Zida zopangidwa ndi zida zogwirira ntchito kwambiri, kuphatikiza zida zolimba za carbide, zida za silicon nitride ceramic, zida za CBN ndi PCD, zida zachitsulo zothamanga kwambiri, etc., mtundu umodzi woyambira wazomwe zimapangidwira, sitepe ndi sitepe. Kankhani, adzalandira zotsatira zabwino; pakadali pano opanga zida zapakhomo amathanso kupereka zida izi pang'ono.

Gwiritsani ntchito zida zokutira kwambiri. Chigawo cha mipeni yokutidwa ku China ndi chochepa kwambiri, ndipo pali malo akuluakulu opititsa patsogolo. Gulu lopaka loyenera liyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito ndipo ziyenera kukwaniritsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zida zowonetsera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamphamvu. Zida zolozera zakhala zikukwezedwa ku China kwazaka zambiri, koma kupita patsogolo sikunakhale kofulumira pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Chitukuko sichili bwino. Komabe, panthawiyi, teknoloji ya zida zowonetsera zida zapita patsogolo, zosiyanasiyana zawonjezeka mofulumira, ndipo zakhala zikuyenda bwino komanso zothandiza. Zocheka mphero zopindika m'mphepete, zopindika zokhala ndi zopukuta ndi cholinga chambiri zapangidwa. Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi masamba ozungulira abwino komanso masamba am'makona a octagonal zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupititsa patsogolo zida zolozera mwachangu kuyenera kukhala projekiti yofunikira pakusintha kwaukadaulo kwamabizinesi. Chithunzi 7 ndi chopindika m'mphepete choyikapo mphero chopangidwa ndi Hunan Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd.

Pamizere yayikulu yopangira, tiyenera kuphunzira kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja, kupanga njira zatsopano ndi zida zapadera, kukonza bwino ndikuchepetsa mtengo, kapena kupanga njira zophatikizira zida kuti zithandizire bwino komanso kuchepetsa ndalama. Ntchito yotereyi iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi omanga zida zamakina ndi opanga zida kuti akwaniritse zotsatira. Uwu ndi mchitidwe okhwima m'maiko otukuka.

Kwa makampani omwe ali ndi gawo laling'ono lopangira batch, zida zatsopano zogwirira ntchito monga zobowolera mkati ndi mphero zakumaso ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kachiwiri, odula amitundu yambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito, omwe amatha kuchepetsa nthawi yosintha zida. M'pofunikanso kuswa miyambo ndondomeko malire pobowola, mphero, akupera, etc., ndi kukwaniritsa zatsopano processing zotsatira mwa ndondomeko mphero, kubowola, mphero, mphero, mphero, ndi kugaya. Kuphatikiza apo, limbitsani kasamalidwe ka zida, kuchepetsa zowerengera ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa zida.

Potengera zida zapamwamba zodulira ndi matekinoloje atsopano, mabizinesi amayenera kudalira mphamvu yaukadaulo ya opanga zida ndi ogulitsa kuti atsatire njira yolumikizirana. Pakali pano zipangizo zatsopano workpiece, zida zipangizo ndi ❖ kuyanika magiredi, pali zikwiza mitundu ya zida. Pokhapokha ndi chithandizo cha akatswiri awo mungathe kusankha chida choyenera ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chomwe mukufuna. Izinso ndizomwe zidapanga zida zakunja. Malingaliro abizinesi a "system supply" ndi "kupereka mayankho" amalimbikitsidwa ndi kampaniyo. Kachiwiri, ndikofunikira kuphwanya lingaliro lolakwika la mtengo wa chida - poganiza kuti chida chabwino ndi chokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ndi maganizo amenewa kwa nthawi yaitali zakhudza patsogolo kudula luso ku China ndi chitukuko cha makampani dziko chida. Chidacho ndi "chokwera mtengo" ndipo chimangotengera 2% ~ 4% ya mtengo wopanga (zosakwana 2% m'mabizinesi ambiri ku China). Pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni "wokwera mtengo", mphamvuyo imatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri kuti ichepetse kwambiri mtengo wa chidutswa chimodzi. Ubwino wa bizinesiyo pamapeto pake udzapeza zotsatira za ndalama zochepa komanso zotuluka zambiri. Kupyolera mu zitsanzo zapadera zogwirira ntchito, zikhoza kutsimikiziridwa kuti mtengo wa chidacho siwoposa wa mankhwala aliwonse.

Pomaliza, ndikuyembekeza kuti mwa kuyesetsa kwa aliyense, ukadaulo wodula wagawoli uphatikizidwa kuti uthandizire kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo waku China wopanga ndi kupanga.