Mmepe na usoro nka nka nke ihe ntinye seramiiki

Mmepe na usoro teknụzụ nke ihe agụba seramiiki

Na machining, a na-akpọ ngwá ọrụ ahụ mgbe nile "ezé e mere n'ụlọ ọrụ", na ịrụ ọrụ nke ịkpụcha ngwá ọrụ bụ otu n'ime isi ihe na-achọpụta mmepụta mmepụta ya, ọnụ ahịa mmepụta na nhazi nhazi. Ya mere, nhọrọ ziri ezi nke ịcha ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa, mma seramiiki, na-eguzogide okpomọkụ ha magburu onwe ya, na-eyi nkwụsi ike na nkwụsi ike nke kemịkal, na-egosi uru na ngwá ọrụ omenala enweghị ike ịdaba n'ọhịa nke ịcha ngwa ngwa na ịcha siri ike. -ihe igwe, na isi akụrụngwa nke mma seramiiki bụ Al na Si. Enwere ike ịsị na ọdịnaya bara ụba nke dị n'ime ụwa adịghị agwụ agwụ na nke na-adịghị agwụ agwụ. Ya mere, atụmanya ngwa nke ngwá ọrụ seramiiki ọhụrụ dị nnọọ obosara.

Nke mbụ, ụdị ngwá ọrụ seramiiki

Ọganihu nke ihe ndị dị na seramiiki na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite arụmọrụ nke ngwá ọrụ seramiiki omenala, nchacha ọka, ihe na-emepụta ihe, mkpuchi, imeziwanye usoro nkwụsịtụ na ịmepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ, iji nweta oke okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, na-eyi nguzogide na nguzogide. Nrụpụta chipping dị oke mma ma nwee ike gboo mkpa nke nrụpụta ngwa ngwa dị elu. Henan Institute of Superhard Materials nwere ike kewaa ngwa ngwa seramiiki n'ime ụzọ atọ: alumina, silicon nitride na boron nitride (ngwaọrụ boron nitride cubic). N'ebe a na-egbutu ígwè, alumina ceramic blades na silicon nitride ceramic blades na-akpọkọta ọnụ dị ka seramiiki agụba; na inorganic na-abụghị metal ihe, cubic boron nitride ihe so na nnukwu klas nke seramiiki ihe. Ihe ndị a bụ njirimara nke ụdị ceramiki atọ.

(1) Alumina (Al2O3) - seramiiki dabeere: Ni, Co, W, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị yiri ya ka agbakwunyere dị ka ihe na-ejikọta ya na seramiiki nke dabeere na carbide, na ike njikọ dị n'etiti alumina na carbide nwere ike imeziwanye. Ọ nwere ezigbo nguzogide na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, yana nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ ya dị elu adịghị mfe interdif ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume kemịkal na ígwè. Ya mere, ndị na-egbutu seramiiki dabeere na alumina nwere oke ngwa ngwa, dabara maka ígwè na nkedo ígwè. Ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa nke alloys ya; n'ihi nkwụsi ike na-ekpo ọkụ ka mma, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe na-egwe ọka ma ọ bụ nhazi n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkwụsị nkwụsị, ma ọ dịghị adabara maka nhazi aluminum alloys, titanium alloys na niobium alloys, ma ọ bụghị na ọ na-adịkarị mfe na-eyi kemịkal.

(2) Silicon nitride (Si3N4) -ihe nkedo seramiiki dabeere: Ọ bụ seramiiki mere site n'ịgbakwunye nha kwesịrị ekwesị nke carbide metal na ihe na-ewusi ígwè ike na silicon nitride matrix, na iji mmetụta na-ewusi ike mejupụtara (nke a na-akpọkwa ya dị ka mgbasa). mmetụta ike). A na-egosipụta ya site na isi ike dị elu, nkwụsị nke ọma na-eyi, ezigbo okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na oxidation, na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ n'etiti silicon nitride na carbon na metal ọcha bụ obere, na esemokwu esemokwu dịkwa ala. Kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịmecha, ọkara-emecha, ịmecha ma ọ bụ ọkara.

(3) Boron nitride seramiiki (cubic boron nitride cutter): ike siri ike, na-eyi nguzogide, ezigbo nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ, nkwụsi ike dị mma, ezigbo okpomọkụ conductivity, obere esemokwu esemokwu, na obere ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye linear. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji Hualing cubic boron nitride tool BN-S20 grade for roughing hard hardened steel, BN-H10 grade are used for high speed finishing hardened steel, BN-K1 grade is processed high hardness cast iron, BN-S30 grade high speed cutting. ash Nkedo ígwè dị ọnụ ala karịa ntinye seramiiki.

Nke abụọ, njirimara nke ngwá ọrụ seramiiki

Ihe e ji mara ngwá ọrụ seramiiki: (1) nguzogide eyi nke ọma; (2) elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, ezi red hardness; (3) ịdịte aka ngwá ọrụ bụ ọtụtụ ugboro ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ ugboro dị elu karịa ngwá ọrụ ọdịnala, na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbanwe ngwá ọrụ n'oge nhazi, na-eme ka Small taper na.elu nkenke nke workpiece ga-igwe; (4) ọ bụghị naanị na enwere ike iji ya mee ihe na-emezigharị na imecha ihe ndị siri ike dị elu, kamakwa maka ịmegharị ihe na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu dị ka igwe igwe, nhazi nhazi, nkwụsị nkwụsị na nkwụsịtụ oghere; (5) Mgbe a na-egbutu agụba seramiiki, esemokwu ahụ na metal dị ntakịrị, ịkpụ ahụ adịghị mfe ijikọ ya na agụba, ọnụ ọnụ nke e wuru adịghị mfe ime, na-enwe ike ịkpụ ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa.

E jiri ya tụnyere carbide cemented, ntinye seramiiki nwere ike iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu nke 2000 Celsius C, ebe alloys siri ike na-adị nro na 800 Celsius; ya mere ngwá ọrụ seramiiki nwere nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ okpomọkụ dị elu ma nwee ike igbutu ya na nnukwu ọsọ, mana mwepu bụ ntinye seramiiki. Ike na ike dị ala ma dị mfe imebi. Ka oge na-aga, ewebata ceramics boron nitride (nke a na-akpọkwa ya dị ka ngwaọrụ cubic boron nitride), nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ntụgharị, igwe igwe, na ihe na-agwụ ike. Isi ike nke cubic boron nitride cutters dị elu karịa nke ntinye seramiiki. N'ihi isi ike ya dị elu, a na-akpọkwa ya superhard material with diamond. A na-ejikarị ya ahazi ihe nwere ike dị elu karịa HRC48. Ọ nwere oke okpomọkụ dị elu - ruo 2000 Celsius C, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-agbaji agbaji karịa cemented carbide agụba, mana o meelawanye ike mmetụta na nkwụsi ike nke ukwuu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ngwaọrụ seramiiki alumina. Na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ ihe pụrụ iche cubic boron nitride ngwaọrụ (dị ka Huachao Super Hard BN-K1 na BN-S20) nwere ike iguzogide ibu mgbawa nke machining siri ike ma nwee ike iguzogide mmetụta nke nrụpụta na imecha. Ihe na-eyi ma na-egbutu okpomọkụ, àgwà ndị a nwere ike izute nhazi siri ike nke ígwè siri ike na nkedo nkedo na cubic boron nitride ngwaọrụ.