Hoʻomohala a me ka ʻenehana o nā mea hoʻokomo seramika

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ke ʻano ʻenehana o nā mea lau seramika

I ka mīkini, ua kapa mau ʻia ka mea hana "nā niho i hana ʻia", a ʻo ka ʻoki ʻana o ka mea hana mea hana kekahi o nā kumu nui e hoʻoholo ai i kona pono hana, kumukūʻai hana a me ka maikaʻi o ka hana. No laila, ʻo ka koho kūpono o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea hana mea nui, ʻo nā pahi seramika, me ko lākou kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa ʻana a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, e hōʻike i nā pōmaikaʻi i hiki ʻole i nā mea hana kuʻuna ke hoʻohālikelike i ke kahua o ka ʻoki wikiwiki a me ka ʻoki paʻakikī. - nā mea mīkini, a me nā mea maka nui o nā pahi seramika ʻo Al a me Si. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea waiwai i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka honua he pau ʻole a pau ʻole. No laila, ākea loa ka manaʻolana noi o nā mea hana seramika hou.

ʻO ka mea mua, ke ʻano o nā mea hana seramika

ʻO ka holomua o nā mea hana ceramic e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o nā mea hana seramika maʻamau, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā kīʻaha, ka hoʻohuihui ʻana, ka uhi ʻana, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaʻina sintering a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana hou, i mea e loaʻa ai ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa. ʻO ka hana chipping maikaʻi loa a hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono o ka mīkini kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i ka Henan Institute of Superhard Materials ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea hana ceramic i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: alumina, silicon nitride a me boron nitride (cubic boron nitride tool). Ma ke kahua o ka ʻokiʻoki metala, ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana seramika alumina a me nā lau silika nitride seramika e like me nā lau seramika; i loko o nā mea metala ʻole, nā mea cubic boron nitride no kahi papa nui o nā mea seramika. Eia nā ʻano o nā ʻano seramika ʻekolu.

(1) Alumina (Al2O3)-hoʻohui ʻia: Ni, Co, W, a i ʻole nā ​​mea like i hoʻohui ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻa metala i ka carbide-based ceramic, a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ikaika paʻa ma waena o ka alumina a me ka carbide. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa wela, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi kona kūpaʻa kemika kiʻekiʻe i ka interdif a i ʻole ka hopena kemika me ka hao. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻokiʻoki alumina, kūpono no ke kila a me ka hao. ʻO ka mīkini kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki o kāna mau mea hoʻohui; ma muli o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻopū ʻana o ka wela, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka wili ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻolālā ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻokiʻoki ʻia, akā ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā alumini alumini, nā alloys titanium a me nā alloys niobium, inā ʻaʻole ia e maʻalahi i ka lole kemika.

(2) Silicon nitride (Si3N4)-based ceramic cutter: He keramika ia i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nui kūpono o ka carbide metala a me ka mea hoʻoikaika metala i kahi matrix nitride silicon, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hopena hoʻoikaika composite (i ʻōlelo ʻia he dispersion. hopena hoʻoikaika). Hōʻike ʻia ia e ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa aahu maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation, a he liʻiliʻi ka hopena kemika ma waena o ka nitride silicon a me nā mea kalapona a me nā mea metala, a he haʻahaʻa hoʻi ke kumu friction. He kūpono no ka hoʻopau ʻana, semi-finishing, hoʻopau a i ʻole semi-finishing.

(3) Boron nitride ceramic (cubic boron nitride cutter): kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī, ʻaʻahu kūpaʻa, maikaʻi ka wela kūpaʻa, maikaʻi thermal conductivity, haʻahaʻa friction coefficient, a me ka liʻiliʻi coefficient o ka hoʻonui laina. No ka laʻana, Hualing cubic boron nitride mea hana BN-S20 grade no ka roughing hardened steel, BN-H10 grade no ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopau i ke kila paʻakikī, BN-K1 grade i hana ʻia me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolei ʻia i ka hao, BN-S30 grade high speed cutting. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hao hao ma mua o nā mea hoʻokomo seramika.

ʻO ka lua, nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea hana seramika

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea hana seramika: (1) maikaʻi ke pale ʻana i ka lole; (2) pale wela kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī ʻulaʻula maikaʻi; (3) ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka paʻa ʻana o nā mea hana ma mua o nā mea hana kuʻuna, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o nā loli i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, e hōʻoia ana i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi akiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka workpiece e machined; (4) ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, akā no ka mīkini ʻana me ka hopena nui e like me ka wili ʻana, ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻana a me ka roughing blank; (5) I ka wā i ʻoki ʻia ai ka lau seramika, liʻiliʻi ka friction me ka metala, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ʻoki ʻana i ka maka, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ʻoki kūkulu ʻia, a hiki ke hana i ka ʻoki wikiwiki.

Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nā mea hoʻokomo carbide cemented, hiki i nā mea hoʻokomo seramika ke pale i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe o 2000 ° C, aʻo nā'āpana paʻakikī e lilo i palupalu i 800 ° C; no laila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā mea hana ceramic a hiki ke ʻoki ʻia i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻo ka hemahema o nā mea hoʻokomo ceramic. ʻO ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī he haʻahaʻa a maʻalahi ke haki. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā seramika boron nitride (i kapa ʻia ʻo ia nā mea hana cubic boron nitride), i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka huli ʻana, wili, a me nā mea paʻakikī loa. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻokiʻoki cubic boron nitride ma mua o nā mea hoʻokomo seramika. Ma muli o kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka mea superhard me ka daimana. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea me ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o HRC48. Loaʻa iā ia ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i 2000 ° C, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka brittle ma mua o nā lau carbide cemented, akā ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka ikaika o ka hopena a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā mea hana alumina ceramic. Eia kekahi, hiki i kekahi mau mea hana cubic boron nitride kūikawā (e like me Huachao Super Hard BN-K1 a me BN-S20) ke pale aku i ka ukana chip o ka mīkini paʻakikī a hiki ke pale i ka hopena o ka machining intermittent a me ka hoʻopau ʻana. ʻO ka ʻaʻahu a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wela, hiki i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ke hoʻokō i ka hana paʻakikī o ke kila paʻakikī a me ka hao paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe me nā mea hana cubic boron nitride.