Ci gaba Da Fasahar Fasaha Na Abubuwan Saka yumbu

Haɓakawa da fasaha na kayan aikin yumbura

A cikin mashin ɗin, ana kiran kayan aikin koyaushe "haƙoran masana'antu", kuma yanke aikin kayan aikin yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke tabbatar da ingancin samarwa, farashin samarwa da ingancin sarrafawa. Sabili da haka, daidaitaccen zaɓi na kayan aikin yankan kayan aiki yana da mahimmanci, wukake yumbu, tare da kyakkyawan juriya na zafi, juriya da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, suna nuna fa'idodin da kayan aikin gargajiya ba za su iya daidaitawa ba a fagen yanke saurin sauri da yanke wuya-zuwa. -kayan inji, da kuma manyan kayan da ake amfani da su na yumbura wukake su ne Al da Si. Abubuwan da ke cikin ɓawon burodin ƙasa za a iya cewa ba su ƙarewa kuma ba za su ƙare ba. Sabili da haka, fatan aikace-aikacen sabbin kayan aikin yumbu yana da faɗi sosai.

Na farko, nau'in kayan aikin yumbu

Ci gaban kayan aikin yumbura yana mayar da hankali kan inganta aikin kayan aikin yumbu na kayan aiki na gargajiya, gyaran gyare-gyaren hatsi, haɓaka kayan aiki, sutura, inganta tsarin sintiri da haɓaka sababbin samfurori, don samun ƙarfin zafin jiki, juriya da juriya. Kyakkyawan aikin chipping kuma yana iya biyan buƙatun ingantattun mashin ɗin sauri. Cibiyar Henan ta Superhard Materials na iya rarraba kayan aikin yumbu zuwa sassa uku: alumina, silicon nitride da boron nitride (cubic boron nitride Tools). A fagen yankan karfe, alumina yumbu ruwan wukake da silikon nitride yumbu ruwan wukake ana kiransu tare da yumbu; a cikin kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba, kayan aikin boron nitride na cubic na cikin babban aji na kayan yumbu. Wadannan su ne halayen nau'ikan yumbu iri uku.

(1) Alumina (Al2O3) - tushen yumbu: Ni, Co, W, ko makamancin haka an ƙara shi azaman ƙarfe mai ɗaure zuwa yumbu na tushen carbide, kuma ana iya haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin alumina da carbide. Yana da juriya mai kyau da juriya na zafi, kuma kwanciyar hankalin sinadarai na zafin jiki ba shi da sauƙi don interdif ko halayen sinadaran da ƙarfe. Don haka, masu yankan yumbu na tushen alumina suna da mafi girman kewayon aikace-aikacen, dacewa da ƙarfe da simintin ƙarfe. Machining high-gudun na alloys; saboda ingantaccen juriya na thermal shock, ana iya amfani dashi don niƙa ko tsarawa a ƙarƙashin katsewar yanayin yanke, amma bai dace da sarrafa alluran aluminium, alloys titanium da niobium gami ba, in ba haka ba yana da saurin lalacewa.

(2) Silicon nitride (Si3N4) - tushen yumbu mai yankan: yumbu ne wanda aka yi ta hanyar ƙara adadin ƙarfe mai dacewa na carbide da wakili mai ƙarfafa ƙarfe zuwa matrix silicon nitride, da kuma amfani da tasirin ƙarfafawa mai haɗaka (wanda ake magana da shi azaman watsawa). tasirin ƙarfafawa). Yana da alaƙa da tsananin ƙarfi, juriya mai kyau, juriya mai kyau da juriya na iskar shaka, da halayen sinadarai tsakanin silicon nitride da abubuwan carbon da ƙarfe kaɗan ne, kuma yanayin juzu'i shima ƙasa ne. Ya dace da ƙarewa, kammalawa, ƙarewa ko ƙarewa.

(3) Boron nitride yumbu (cubic boron nitride cutter): babban taurin, juriya mai juriya, juriya mai kyau na zafi, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, kyakkyawan yanayin zafi, ƙarancin juzu'i, da ƙaramin ƙima na faɗaɗa madaidaiciya. Misali, Hualing cubic boron nitride tool BN-S20 grade ana amfani da shi don roughing taurin karfe, BN-H10 grade ana amfani da high gudun karewa taurare karfe, BN-K1 sa da ake sarrafa high taurin jefa baƙin ƙarfe, BN-S30 sa high gudun yankan. ash Cast Iron ya fi tattalin arziƙi fiye da abubuwan da ake saka yumbu.

Na biyu, halaye na kayan aikin yumbu

Halayen kayan aikin yumbu: (1) juriya mai kyau; (2) high zafin jiki juriya, mai kyau ja taurin; (3) ƙarfin kayan aiki sau da yawa ko ma sau da yawa mafi girma fiye da kayan aikin gargajiya, rage yawan canje-canjen kayan aiki yayin aiki, tabbatar da Small taper dababban madaidaicin kayan aikin da za a yi amfani da shi; (4) ba wai kawai za a iya amfani da shi don roughing da ƙare na high-taurin kayan, amma kuma ga machining tare da babban tasiri kamar niƙa, planing, yanke yanke da kuma m roughing; (5) Lokacin da aka yanke ruwan yumbura, juzu'i tare da karfe yana da ƙananan, yanke ba shi da sauƙi a haɗa shi da ruwa, ginin da aka gina ba shi da sauƙi ya faru, kuma za'a iya yin yankan sauri.

Idan aka kwatanta da ciminti carbide abun da ake sakawa, yumbu abun da ake sakawa zai iya jure yanayin zafi mai zafi na 2000 ° C, yayin da allura masu ƙarfi suka zama taushi a 800 ° C; don haka kayan aikin yumbu suna da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai masu zafin jiki kuma ana iya yanke su cikin babban sauri, amma rashin amfani shine abubuwan da aka saka yumbu. Ƙarfi da taurin suna ƙasa da sauƙin karya. Daga baya, boron nitride ceramics (wanda ake kira cubic boron nitride Tools) an gabatar da su, waɗanda akasari ana amfani da su don juyewa, niƙa, da kayan aiki masu wahala. Taurin masu yankan boron nitride mai siffar sukari ya fi na yumbun abun da ake sakawa. Saboda tsananin taurinsa, ana kuma kiransa superhard abu tare da lu'u-lu'u. Ana yawan amfani dashi don sarrafa kayan tare da taurin sama sama da HRC48. Yana da kyau kwarai high zafin jiki taurin - har zuwa 2000 ° C, ko da yake Ya fi gaggautsa fiye da siminti carbide ruwan wukake, amma ya muhimmanci inganta tasiri ƙarfi da murkushe juriya idan aka kwatanta da alumina yumbu kayan aikin. Bugu da kari, wasu kayan aikin nitride na cubic boron na musamman (kamar Huachao Super Hard BN-K1 da BN-S20) na iya jure nauyin guntu na injunan injina kuma suna iya jure tasirin injina da gamawa. Lalacewa da yanke zafi, waɗannan halaye na iya saduwa da aiki mai wahala na ƙarfe mai tauri da babban ƙarfin simintin ƙarfe tare da kayan aikin nitride cubic boron.